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A fourth potential gain may be obtained by raising the pressure of the working fluid. This was analyzed in the Bibb Task 3 report which stated that further efficiency gains may be achieved by raising the fluid working pressure, and thereby its maximum operating temperature. While each of the above improvements will make a gain, the incremental gain as each improvement is sequenced on to previous gains is smaller. It is felt that the ORC efficiency at an ambient temperature of 89°F will reach 25%, with additional gains in efficiency as the ambient temperature drops. Figure 2.6b shows the overall efficiency gains with lower temperatures. Figure 2.6b does not show the potential for gains in efficiency that may be achieved by raising the high temperature, recuperation, pressure increases and improved heat rejection. Costs and Economics The capital and operating costs of major components of the STORES plant are considered in this section, followed by an economic evaluation that examines the sensitivity of the costs for a U.S.- based installation and a Developing Country installation. Capital Costs The total cost of the first STORES plant of 10 megawatts is estimated to be $4,000-4,500 per kWe, or $40,000,000 to $45,000, of which $1,700-2,000 per W is the field, $2000 is the power plant, and $300-600 is storage. In addition, the first plant is estimated to have an additional “first- of-a-kind” cost of $500 per kWe. This additional cost includes the cost of resurrecting the production and supply of the SCAs. The capital costs for the solar field, the power plant, and storage are examined in more detail below. Just as there is a potential for increased efficiency, there is also room for cost reductions. At this stage it was decided not to pursue aggressive cost- reduction strategies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate Organic Rankine Cycles. Another approach would be to consider a small steam plant for power generation. Such small steam power plants are difficult to obtain at the present, and their costs are therefore uncertain, but are expected to be in the same range as the ORC plants that were evaluated. Future work in this area should follow-up on steam plant cost and availability prior to selection of the power cycle. Solar Field The size of the field is 63,000 square meters based upon an assumed power plant efficiency of 25%. KJC Operating Company was requested to estimate the cost of the field for a new field. Their best estimate at this time is $270 a square meter, including piping, pumps, and other accessories, resulting in a total field cost of $17,000,000, or about $1,700 per kWe. Because of the uncertainty related to efficiency gains and other factors, a range of $1,700-2,000 per kWe is used here. Assuming a reduction of three percent for each subsequent field for the first ten plants, the cost of the tenth plant will be about $200 per square meter or about $1,260 per kWe. By this time, there will be a total of 630,000 square meters of total SCAs, about one quarter of the SCA’s currently installed at the SEGS plants. If the first plant is successful, the time-frame for the tenth plant may be no more than 4 or 5 years, each plant more cost-effective than the one before it. In addition to the costs above, it is anticipated that there will also be a cost to resurrect the production lines for SCA and other costs associated with starting up an industry that has long B-17PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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