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fraction of the time it takes to license, build, and operate an ISCCS plant, the economic rationale shifts significantly in favor or STORES. Cost of Electricity: U.S. Power Plant Using a 10% capital carrying charge and a labor rate of $40 an hour, the first STORES plant will generate electricity in the range of $0.22 to $0.31 per kWh. If the carrying charge is reduced to 7.5%, the cost of electricity is reduced to $0.19 to $0.25 per kWh. A carrying charge of 5% obtains an electricity cost of $0.16 to $0.20 per kWh. The electricity costs with a $2 per watt subsidy, such as is available for several PV installations, results in a cost of electricity of $0.10 to $0.15 per kWh. While these numbers are high, they are dramatically below the cost of electricity from PV, and furthermore include the most important value of electricity on demand. The corresponding cost of generation from diesel engines at such remote sites is also expensive. At a modest $2 a gallon, the cost of electricity from diesel is $0.16 a kWh, and at $2.50 a gallon is $0.22 a kWh. The gap to be bridged for cost-effective STORES is only a few cents per kWh. Thus the crossover point between STORES and alternate generation for STORES is far closer than for any other solar technology or even trough plants delivering power to the grid. Perhaps the biggest advantage of STORES is that it moves the trough technology from an on-grid technology to an off-grid Distributed Generation technology, where the alternative cost of electricity is directly tied to the cost of diesel fuel. Diesel fuel in remote locations is expensive. Cost of Electricity: Developing Countries It is in developing countries where the cost-effectiveness will be achieved the quickest. The twin factors of low-cost labor and expensive diesel fuel dramatically swing the economics in favor of STORES. With a 10% capital carrying charge and labor rates of $5 an hour, the cost of power will be $0.15 to $0.20 per kWh, already lower than diesel generation. With labor of $1 per hour, the cost of power is $0.14 to $0.18 per kWh and lower. When carrying charges are reduced to 5%, the cost of electricity drops to the range of $0.09 and $0.15 per kWh. With a $2 a watt subsidy, the costs of electricity drops below $0.05 to $0.07 per kWh. There are other reasons for developing countries to consider such plants: they create jobs, and they displace expensive imported diesel fuel. Potential buydowns from the GEF, the WORLD Bank and other multilateral institutions make the prospect of such plants even more attractive to developing countries. Figure 3.3.4a shows a comparison of costs of STORES plants with the capital, labor, and buy down scenarios described above. For many developing countries, these power plants will be a small fraction of the cost of extending the grid to the remote area. Once again, the Distributed Generation benefit becomes the key to cost-effectiveness. B-25PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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