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Comparison with the Rankine Steam Cycle A comparison with the Rankine Steam Cycle is considered important because all existing Trough power plants use this cycle. The steam cycle cannot increase output appreciably as ambient temperature drops, limited by condenser pressures close to absolute zero, thereby limiting performance. This is one of the reasons why steam plants have attempted to raise the HTF high temperature as much as possible. The supply of small steam turbines has also declined as the market declined, and small steam power plants are expected to be much more expensive than ORC power plants, where the turbines continue to be manufactured for the pipeline, cryogenic, and other markets. Figure 3.3.6a shows the efficiency comparison between the optimized STORES and steam systems during each of the twelve months of the year for the Kramer Junction area. Figure 3.3.6b shows the increase in output between the STORES plant and the Steam plant for Kramer Junction through the year. It is seen that the output of a STORES plant is significantly higher as the ambient temperature declines. These differences will be considered very important for remote areas where electricity is scarce. Fig. 3.3.6b Steam Vs. STORES System, Annual Comps 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Jan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Month Dec Steam Cycle output MWH ORC Output, MWH Another major difference with the Steam Cycle is that whereas the ORC can operate virtually operator-free, a steam plant needs constant attention. KJC’s estimate for staffing for the steam plant alone is 16 people. Bibb’s estimate for the ORC plant is 7 people. This difference is magnified for U.S. plants where labor costs are high. Steam plants also have a high make-up water requirement, further increasing O&M costs in areas where water is scarce. In summary, the ORC has lower cost, lower O&M, lower labor requirements than a steam plant and is the system of choice for a stand-alone Trough-based power plant. Plant Size The plant size selected for this project is a nominal 10 megawatts. This is considered a good starting size. However, most of the components are modular and can be arranged to create much smaller power plants. It is quite likely that even the 10-megawatt plant, when fully optimized, will comprise two 5-megawatt power plants, as was the case for the ORC system at Mammoth. Plants as small as one megawatt will not suffer a significant unit cost increase. B-27 MWH per month outputPDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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