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Task 2 Wet/Dry Heat Rejection Analysis With further optimization efforts, the expected penalty could perhaps be reduced to values in the range of 7 to 8 percent. Potential improvements include the following: • Reducing the capital cost of the air cooled condenser by optimizing the tube and fin geometry in conjunction with the design air velocity and the fan power demand • Reducing the parasitic energy demand by optimizing a schedule for fan speed settings as a function of turbine output and ambient temperature. As noted in Table 8, the cost of raw water is estimated to be $1.40 per 1000 gallons. On a conceptual level, the cost for water could rise to the point where the cost of energy for a plant with wet cooling is equal to the cost of energy from a plant with dry cooling. A brief economic analysis shows the required cost of water to be $14.80 per 1000 gallons, which is about a factor of 10 higher than current prices. On a point related to the selection of the optimum initial temperature difference for the air cooled condenser, initial considerations might lead to the selection of a low value for the design initial temperature difference. The cost of energy from a solar project is higher than from a fossil-fired plant; thus, small approach temperatures for the heat exchangers should be justified. However, the capacity factor of a solar power plant without thermal storage is no higher than 28 percent. As a result, there are only a limited number of hours in a year in which the capital investment in the larger heat exchanger can be recovered. This characteristic, coupled with the limited number of hours in a year in which the ambient temperature exceeds 110 °F, leads to the selection of an air cooled condenser with a relatively high initial temperature difference, and relatively high turbine performance penalties on hot days. - 21 -PDF Image | Nexant Parabolic Trough Solar Power Plant Systems Analysis
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