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308 New Developments in Renewable Energy Figure 1. Photograph of Chena ORC-based geothermal power plantat Chena, Alaska, USA (Holdmann, 2007). 2.2. Energy conversion and performance aspects of ORC-based low-temperature geothermal power generation The ORC is a thermodynamic Rankine cycle that uses an organic working fluid instead of steam (water). A schematic diagram showing a low-temperature geothermal ORC binary- fluid system used for electric power generation is shown in Figure 2. In this system, the first (primary) fluid being the geo-fluid (brine) is extracted from the low-temperature geothermal resource through the production well. The geo-fluid carries the heat from the liquid-domi‐ nated resource (thus called the geo-fluid heat carrier) and efficiently transfers this heat to the low-boiling point (BP) organic working fluid (the secondary fluid) using an effective heat exchanger; shell-and-tube heat exchangers arewidely used (Chandrasekharam& Bundschuh, 2008). In this binary-fluid system, the low-boiling point organic liquid absorbs the heat which is transferred by the geothermal fluid and boils at a relatively much lower tempera‐ ture (compared to water) and as a result develops significant vapor pressure sufficient to drive the axial flow or radial inflow turbine. The turbine is coupled to an electric generator which converts the turbinemechanical shaft power into electrical power. The organic work‐ ing fluid expands across theturbine and then is cooled and condensed in thecondenser be‐ fore it is pumped back as a liquid to the heat exchanger using a condensatePDF Image | ORC-Based Geothermal Power Generation and CO2- Based EGS for Combined Green Power Generation and CO2 Sequestration
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