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ORC-Based Geothermal Power Generation and CO2-Based EGS for Combined Green Power Generation and CO2 311 Sequestration http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52063 ηth =0.000648 Tgeo,in - 0.036 (3) For example, using Eq. (3) it can be estimated that a thermal efficiency of approximately 4.8% could be achieved for power generation with a geo-fluid extracted from a low-temper‐ ature geothermal resource available at 130 oC. The thermal efficiency as a function of the ge‐ othermal heat resource temperature, T geo ,in (in K), and ambient temperature, T o (in K) is given by (DiPippo, 2007) η ≅0.58 (Tgeo,in - To ) (4) th Tgeo,in +To So for example, with a geothermal heat resource temperature of 130oC and ambient temper‐ ature of 25oC, the thermal efficiency is estimated to be 8.7%, using Eq. (4). It should be noted that Eq. (4) is valid for resource temperatures between 100 and 140 oC. The estimated net power output produced by the geothermal power system can also be determined using (Di‐ Pippo, 2007) W ̇ ≅2.47m ̇ (Tgeo,in -To )(T -T ) (5) out geo Tgeo,in + To geo,in sink In Eq. (5), m ̇ geo is the geo-fluid mass flow rate; and Tsink is the heat sink temperature. It should be noted that the above correlations given by Eqs. (2) through (5) provide quick esti‐ mate of the thermal efficiency and net power output. However, for more accurate system performance predictions, a detailed energy analysis should be performed to predict the net power, the available geothermal heat, and overall thermal efficiency using Eq. (1). Since the geothermal energy is produced at low enthalpy levels,ORC-based low-temperature geother‐ mal power generation plants tend to have low thermal efficiencies: 10-13% reported by (Di‐ Pippo, 2007), 2.8-5.5% reported by (Gupta & Roy, 2007), and 5-9% reported by (Hettiarachchi et al., 2007). Maximizing generating power capacity is normally sought from these power plants by maximizing the geo-fluid flow rate (depending on the capability of the production well) with a limited geo-fluid temperature available from the geothermal re‐ source. It was reported (Chandrasekharam& Bundschuh, 2008) that low-temperature geo‐ thermal production wells with geo-fluid temperature < 150 oC and geo-fluid flow rate > 900 l/min could generate electric power ranging from 50 to 700 kWe. When appropriate, multiple production wells could be installed using the same low-temperature geothermal energy res‐ ervoir so that a number of ORC power generation units could be cascaded to obtain larger power production rates from the plant (Gupta & Roy, 2007). Limited by the second-law of thermodynamics, the ideal (absolute maximum) efficiency of a thermoelectric power cycle, such as the low-temperature geothermal ORC power cycle, operating as a reversible heat en‐ gine between a heat source at a temperature T H and a heat sink at a temperature T L is Car‐ not efficiency, given as (Cengel& Boles, 2008)PDF Image | ORC-Based Geothermal Power Generation and CO2- Based EGS for Combined Green Power Generation and CO2 Sequestration
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