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314 New Developments in Renewable Energy restrictive(Grasby et al., 2011). For small-scale geothermal power plants (<5 MWe) utilizing low-temperature resources, the subsurface cost typically accounts for approximately 30% of the total investment costs whereas the surface cost accounts for the remaining 70%. Net Power (kWe) 100 200 500 1000 Capital Cost (US$/net kWe) Geothermal Resource Temperature (oC) O&M Cost (US$/year) 21,010 27,115 33,446 48,400 power plants (Chandrasekharam& 100 2,786 2,572 2,357 2,143 120 140 2,429 2,215 2,242 2,044 2,055 1,874 1,868 1,704 low-temperature based small Table 2. Unit cost of electricity generated from Bundschuh, 2008; DiPippo, 2008). Generating electricity using low-temperature geothermal ORC technology is very reliable due to its advanced technological aspects. However, the maintenance costs and shutdowns could be reduced when the technical complexity of the plant is on a level that is accessible to local technical personnel or to experts who are readily available (Dickson & Fanelli, 2005). As mentioned before, geothermal ORC power generation plants are normally constructed and installed in small modular power generation units. These units can then be linked up to create power plants with larger power production rates. Their cost depends on a number of factors, but mainly on the temperature of the geothermal fluid produced, which influences the size of the ORC turbine, heat exchangers and cooling system. It was reported (Dickson & Fanelli, 2005) that the total size of the plant has little effect on the specific cost, as a series of standard modular units is linked together to obtain larger power capacities. It was also re‐ ported (Panea et al., 2010) that the modular units have a satisfying economic efficiency, be‐ cause modular construction reduces installation time and costs. Ultimately, the economic viability of the geothermal power plant depends on its ability to generate revenue in the long-term. 3. CO2 – based EGS for combined power generation& CO2 sequestration 3.1. Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) – developments & utilization EGS, also known as engineered geothermal systems, are reservoirs that have been stimulat‐ ed(e.g. hydraulic stimulation) and engineered to extracteconomical amounts of heat from unproductive geothermal resources that lack heat-carrier fluid circulation, permeability and/or porosity. EGS is a new type of geothermal power technologyand has the potential to become a significant sustainable and renewable power source for the future (Grasby et al., 2011, Kalra et al., 2012). The EGS concept is currently the subject of several international re‐PDF Image | ORC-Based Geothermal Power Generation and CO2- Based EGS for Combined Green Power Generation and CO2 Sequestration
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