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Tecnologia/Technology Sotomonte et al. Organic Rankine Cycle Associated ... quantify the thermodynamic efficiencies of a combined cool and power system. Thus, exergy efficiency (ε) of the cogeneration system being defined as follows: ε=Wn+Echiller (21) & ET is the exergy variation of the working fluid (NH3/H2O) in the chiller evaporator and the total exergy supplied to the thermal system. According to Tsatsaronis (1993), resources (F) are flows that act as exergy sources, necessary for the manufacturing of a certain product (P). Consequently, the exergy efficiency of equipment (εn) is given by: (22) Using the concept of resources (F) and products (P), if the system operates in steady state and neglecting the heat losses in equipment, the exergy balance for calculation of irreversibilities (I) in the equipment can be written as follows: (23) The parameter presented by exergy analysis provides a clear criterion for evaluating the performance of each thermal system and its components. A good description of the concepts used to evaluate the exergy flows are reported in Kotas (1985); Szargut et al. (1988) and Zaleta et al. (2007). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The intention of the first part (Fig. 2-5) is a comparison of global energy efficiency, electric efficiency, biomass consumption and cooling power production at different evaporator pressure while keeping the turbine inlet temperature at saturated conditions and the condensation pressure at 10 kPa for all the working fluids. According to the information already presented the absorption cooling systems have an optimal operation temperature. Hence, the use of alkylbenzenes like working fluids does not allow the use of a heat regenerator operating under the conditions described previously; due to the lower temperature in the fluid flow at the outlet of the turbine. Figure 2 demonstrates that for all the fluids used, with and without heat regenerator, the system electric efficiency increases with the increment of the turbine inlet pressure. Lower inlet turbine pressure increases both the evaporator heat flow and the working fluid mass flow which leads to a decrease in the system efficiency for a fixed electrical net power (300 kW). Figure 2 also shows that cycles working with alkylbenzenes, even without heat regenerator, have the best electrical performance among the organic fluids. Toluene shows highest efficiency among the alkylbenzenes while D6 shows the worst performance of the siloxanes. These results clearly demonstrate that the cycle efficiency is more dependent on the thermodynamic properties of fluids than on the system configuration. Hence, the use of regenerative ORC is not justified for all fluids from the thermal efficiency point of view; however, others parameters have to be considered in this analysis, such as biomass consumption, cooling power generation and global energy efficiency. && Where Engenharia Térmica (Thermal Engineering), Vol. 10 • No. 01 - 02 • June and December 2011 • p. 15-22 19 Figure 2. Variation of the electric efficiency with the turbine inlet pressure. Biomass consumption (Figure 3) is consistent for all working fluids. Since, this parameter is a direct measure of the heat flow required by the evaporator. Thus, for a fixed electric power output, the cycles with lower biomass consumption have higher energy efficiency. This is due to the decrease in the working fluid mass flow as a result of the increase in the turbine inlet pressure. Figure 3. Variation of the biomass consumption with the turbine inlet pressure.PDF Image | ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE ASSOCIATED WITH AN ABSORPTION CHILLER FOR BIOMASS APPLICATIONS
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