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Tecnologia/Technology Sotomonte et al. Organic Rankine Cycle Associated ... The absorption unit was modeled to produce up to 210 kW (60 TR) of cooling power (C). Figure4 shows that, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and MDM did not reach the maximum cooling power production. This is due to the lower temperature of the MDM working fluid before entering the chiller when compared to the other siloxanes and both the smaller mass flows and the lower temperature for Toluene and Ethylbenzene working fluids when compared to the others alkylbenzenes analyzed (Tab. 3). Figure 4. Variation of the cooling power production with the turbine inlet pressure. Figure5 presents the global energy efficiency for each analyzed fluid. The results show that the cycles working with alkylbenzenes have the best performance among the evaluated organic working fluids. Propylbenzene shows the highest global efficiency among the alkylbenzenes while D6 shows the worst performance among the siloxanes. These results show the increase in the efficiency of the cycle caused by the recovery of part of the energy contained in the exhaust vapor flow in the turbine. Fluids with higher density and higher boiling point, operating with the same parameters in terms of evaporation and condensation pressure, have both higher evaporation temperatures and working fluid mass flow which allow to generate more thermal energy in the chiller increasing the global thermal efficiency. Table 3 Summarizes the main results of simulations of the analyzed cycles at the maximum evaporator pressure. The thermodynamic analysis presented in this paper introduces the exergetic efficiency and exergy destruction as evaluation parameters of the real performance. In that way, the irreversibility (I) and exergetic efficiency (ε) in the thermal system and each subsystem for the working fluids at maximum operating pressure are determined. Figure 5. Variation of the global energy efficiency with the turbine inlet pressure. Figure 6 shows that, for cycles working with alkylbenzenes, 15,8%, 14,9% and 14,4% for Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Propylbenzene respectively, of the resources that enter in system are transform into electricity and cold. While cycles that use the siloxanes have less exergetic efficiency, this is, 12,1%, 10,8%, 9,0% and 8,5% for MDM, MD2M, MD3M and D6 respectively. According to the results presented in Fig. 6 Propylbenzene shows the highest global thermal efficiency. However, a combined first and second law analysis shows that the use of Toluene as a working fluid increases the system exergetic efficiency showing the importance of energy quality of the different products in the thermal system performance. Figure 7 can also be used to analyze the influence of the fluid boiling point temperature and density on the system thermal efficiency. Toluene has both the highest boiling point and the highest density among the selected fluids, while the fluid with the worst exergetic efficiency, Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6), has both the lowest boiling point temperature and the lowest density. Similar tendency is observed for the remaining working fluids selected in this paper. This difference in exergetic efficiencies is due to the bigger exergy destruction (Figure 7). In cycles that use alkylbenzenes as working fluid the irreversibilities are among 30% - 55% lower when compared to cycles that use siloxanes. The exergy analysis of each component is based on the operating conditions shown in Table. 3. The boiler and the condenser are the main responsible for the irreversibility rise in the cycle (Figure8). This is attributable to high biomass consumption in the boiler and higher quantity of heat rejected in the condenser. It is observed, in Fig. 8 , that these devices together are responsible for more than 90% of irreversibilities. 20 Engenharia Térmica (Thermal Engineering), Vol. 10 • No. 01 - 02 • June and December 2011 • p. 15-22PDF Image | ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE ASSOCIATED WITH AN ABSORPTION CHILLER FOR BIOMASS APPLICATIONS
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