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THE COST OF PARABOLIC TROUGH POWER Figure 2 shows the reported cost of power by Luz for its 30-MWe and 80-MWe SEGS plants in 1988 dollars. To see what these plants would be expected to produce electricity for today we have made several adjustments to the Luz figures. First we corrected the values to account for the cost and performance of the plants as they were actually built. We then made adjustments to account for current tax laws and financial parameters. Finally we adjusted the cost to be in 1998 dollars. Luz reported costs of about 12¢/kWh for the 30-MWe SEGS plants and about 8¢/kWh for the 80-MWe SEGS plants in 1988 dollars (Lotker, 1991). However, if these same plants were built today, after adjustments and converting to 1998 dollars, the cost for power would be approximately 18¢/kWh for the 30- replacement of the flexible hoses at the end of each collector with ball joint assemblies and improvements to the evacuated receiver tube. These upgrades have been demonstrated at the existing facilities, and should result in reduced parasitic electric consumption and decreased thermal heat losses. Based on conservative estimates, this should improve annual solar-to- electric efficiency from about 11% to 13% at new plants. In addition, the O&M study identified a number of ways to reduce the O&M cost at future plants. Advanced Technologies: A number of advanced technology concepts have been proposed for parabolic trough power plants. These include direct steam generation in the collectors, tilted collectors, and thermal storage. At this time, it is unclear whether any of these concepts will in fact reduce the delivered cost of power. ISCCS: The Integrated Solar Combined-Cycle System (ISCCS) is a hybrid concept that integrates a parabolic trough solar plant with a combined-cycle plant. By over-sizing the steam turbine, solar energy can be used in the combined-cycle’s Rankine steam bottoming cycle. This approach reduces the cost of the conventional portion of the plant. There is concern that this concept could actually have a negative impact on the gas mode efficiency when solar energy is not available. However, in some designs this does not appear to be the case. In fact, because adding solar steam improves the utilization of waste heat from the gas turbine, the solar to electric conversion efficiency of solar steam can actually be significantly increased. The ISCCS represents an excellent near-term niche opportunity for parabolic troughs that could significantly reduce the cost of the technology. However, the remainder of this paper focuses on more conventional SEGS type trough plants. Cost Reduction Plant Size: One of the primary opportunities for reducing cost is to increase the size of the power plant. Although the largest plant built by Luz was only 80 MWe, this was due to federal law that limited the size. Luz believed that the optimum size was closer to 150 MWe. This size was largely a result of parasitics involved with the pumping of heat transfer fluid. By replacing flexhoses with ball joint assemblies, sizes of 200 MWe or more are probably feasible. 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 18.3 15.7 11.7 8.0 30 MWe SEGS 80 MWe SEGS 1998 Dollars Tax & Finance Act. Performance Act. Cost Luz Claim Figure 2. The Levelized Cost of Energy from the SEGS Plants MWe plants and 16¢/kWh for the 80-MWe plants. OPPORTUNITIES FOR COST REDUCTION OF PARABOLIC TROUGH POWER The two preceding sections highlight the challenge for parabolic trough technology, reducing the cost of power for trough technology from 16¢/kWh to 5.5¢/kWh. The remainder of this paper looks at opportunities for reducing the cost of power from parabolic trough technology. In general these opportunities fall into four areas: technology improvements, cost reduction, capital cost reduction, and incentives. Technology Improvements Demonstrated Improvements: As a result of the KJC Operating Company O&M cost reduction study, a number of trough technology improvements have been made since the last plant was constructed (Cable, 1998). These include the Copyright © 1999 by ASME LCOE ¢/kWhPDF Image | Parabolic Trough Solar Power for Competitive U.S. Markets
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