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Bu et al. Geothermal Energy 2013, 1:2 www.geothermal-energy-journal.com/content/1/1/2 Page 11 of 14 R123 R134a R245fa R600a R600 R290 Figure 8 Effect of Th on N. 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 70 75 80 85 90 95 Th (OC) and R290, the differences between N for the four other working fluids are very small. For example, N is 755.41, 690.22, 684.76, 679.39, 673.73 and 517.1 kg/t for R134a, R600a, R600, R123, R245fa and R290, respectively, at Th = 80°C, and they respectively increase to 1,409.8, 1,630.4, 1,406.5, 1,453.4, 1,432.1 and 1,123.6 kg/t at Th = 95°C. So, in terms of COPs and N, R600 and R600a are more suitable working fluids for ORC/VCC. In addition, the condensation temperature has an important influence on N, as shown in Table 2. Taking R134a as an example, N at Tc = 35°C, 40°C and 45°C is, re- spectively, 1,475.9, 1,005.8 and 618.99 kg/t. N at Tc = 35°C is 1.47 times larger than that at Tc = 40°C and is 2.38 times larger than that at Tc = 45°C, indicating that there is a great difference of cooling capability for ORC/VCC air-conditioning system with differ- ent condensation temperatures. The condensation temperature depends on the ambient temperature, heat exchanger area of the condenser and cooling water flow rate, while the cooling water flow rate influences the heat exchanger area of the condenser and the selection of cooling water pump and thus the system investment and payback period. Thus, the system performance and payback period should be comprehensively consi- dered so as to decide the optimal condensation temperature during practical design. In sum, R600a is the most suitable working fluid for ORC/VCC through the compre- hensive comparison of ηp, SP, COPc, PR, CRPR, COPs, CPRmA, N and system pressure for the six different working fluids; however, the flammability of R600a should attract enough attention. Conclusions To efficiently utilize waste heat from hot springs for air conditioning at the hot spring hotel, the organic Rankine-vapor compression cycle system was employed and a ther- modynamic model was developed. Six working fluids, R123, R134a, R245fa, R600a, R600 and R290, were selected and compared to identify suitable working fluids which may yield high system efficiencies. The calculated results show that in terms of ηp and N (kg/t)PDF Image | Performance analysis and working fluid selection for geothermal energy-powered organic Rankine-vapor compression air conditioning
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