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Bu et al. Geothermal Energy 2013, 1:2 www.geothermal-energy-journal.com/content/1/1/2 SP, R290 and R134a are more suitable working fluids for ORC for recovering low-grade waste heat in the temperature range of 70°C to 95°C. However, their system pressures are too high, resulting in high system investment. Except R290 and R134a, R600a is the more suitable working fluid for ORC in terms of ORC efficiency, expander size param- eter and system pressure. R600a is the most appropriate working fluid for VCC in terms of PR, COPc and CRPR. In terms of COPs, CPRmA and N, HCs of R600 and R600a are more suitable working fluids for ORC/VCC compared with working fluids R290, R123, R134a and R245fa. In sum, R600a is the most suitable working fluid for ORC/VCC through the comprehensive comparison of ηp, SP, COPc, PR, CRPR, COPs, CPRmA, N and system pressure for the six different working fluids; however, the flam- mability of R600a should attract enough attention. Nomenclature COPc coefficient of performance for VCC COPs overall coefficient of performance for ORC/VCC Cp specific heat of chilled water (kJ/(kg K)) CPRmA ratio of Qeva to overall mass flows of ORC/VCC CRPR ratio of COPc to PR h1 enthalpy at the working fluid pump outlet (kJ/kg) h1s enthalpy at the working fluid pump outlet based on an isentropic process (kJ/kg) h2 enthalpy at the expander inlet (kJ/kg) h3s enthalpy at the expander outlet based on an isentropic process (kJ/kg) h4 enthalpy at the working fluid pump inlet (kJ/kg) h5 enthalpy at the evaporator inlet (kJ/kg) h6 enthalpy at the evaporator outlet (kJ/kg) h7s enthalpy at the compressor outlet based on an isentropic process (kJ/kg) mh mass flow rate for hot water (kg/s) mic mass flow rate of the working fluid for VCC (kg/s) mN mass flow rate of chilled water (kg/s) mp mass flow rate of the working fluid for ORC (kg/s) N chilled water yield from per ton hot water (kg/t) P6 pressure at the compressor inlet (kPa) P7 pressure at the compressor outlet (kPa) PR pressure ratio between the compressor inlet and outlet Qboi generator heat input (kW) Qeva evaporator power for the ice maker (kW) SP expander size parameter (m) Tboi generation temperature in the generator (°C) Tc condensation temperature (°C) Tcrit critical temperature (°C) Th hot water temperature at the generator inlet (°C) TN1 chilled water temperature at the evaporator inlet (°C) TN2 chilled water temperature at the evaporator outlet (°C) V2 volumetric flow at the expander inlet (m3/s) V3 volumetric flow at the expander outlet (m3/s) VFR volumetric flow ratio Page 12 of 14PDF Image | Performance analysis and working fluid selection for geothermal energy-powered organic Rankine-vapor compression air conditioning
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