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Table 2 Basic thermodynamic and environmental properties of the selected fluids [46]. Substance 1 R123 2 R245ca 3 R245fa 4 R600 5 R236ea 6 R600a 7 R236fa 8 R152a 9 R227ea 10 R134a 11 R143a 12 R218 13 R125 14 R41 15 R170 16 CO2 Table 3 Physical data M tbp 152.93 27.82 134.05 25.13 134.05 14.9 58.12 0.55 152.04 6.19 58.12 11.67 152.04 1.44 66.05 24.02 170.03 16.45 102.03 26.07 84.04 47.24 188.02 36.83 120.02 48.09 34.03 78.12 30.07 88.60 44.01 78.40 tcrit Pcrit Safety data ASHRAE 34 safety group Environmental data ALT ODP GWP 1.3 0.02 77 62 0 693 7.6 0 1030 0.02 0 20 8 0 710 0.02 0 20 240 0 9810 1.4 0 124 42 0 3220 14 0 1430 52 0 4470 2600 0 8830 29 0 3500 2.4 0 92 0.21 0 20 >50 0 1 (100 yr) Type Isen Dry Isen Dry Dry Dry Dry Wet Dry Isen Wet Isen Wet Wet Wet Wet Z. Shengjun et al. / Applied Energy 88 (2011) 2740–2754 2745 183.68 3.6 B1 174.42 3.9 A1 154.05 3.6 B1 151.98 3.7 A3 139.29 3.5 n.a. 134.67 3.6 A3 124.92 3.2 A1 113.26 4.5 A2 101.65 2.9 A1 101.06 4.0 A1 72.71 3.7 A2 71.95 2.6 A1 66.02 3.6 A1 44.13 5.8 n.a. 32.18 4.8 A3 30.98 7.3 A1 Fig. 3. Flow chart of the simulation procedure. Assumptions and restrictions relative to the design of the heat exchangers. Condenser Evaporator di do di do (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) 7.0 10 10 16 Table 4 Vapor Pressure generator drop in Pressure drop in shell (kPa) <50 Assumptions for heat source and sink and power plant components. The temperature of the geothermal water, °C The temperature of the cooling water, °C The pinch temperature difference in both heat exchangers, °C The mass flow rate of the geothermal water, kg/s Isentropic efficiencies for the turbine Isentropic efficiencies for the pump Generator efficiency Water pump efficiency Turbine outlet quality 90 20 5 1 0.8 0.75 0.96 0.75 >0.97 di do (mm) (mm) tube (kPa) 10 16 10 nm 1⁄4 0:053ðRel=Kf Þ0:25 qm1⁄4 1 ; nb1⁄4nomþnfm nom 1⁄4 1:2; nfm 1⁄4 2nmLb=d xm=qv þ ð1 xmÞ=ql For single phase flow: DPs 1⁄4 0:5qgnsDzu2s =d The friction factor ns is: 8> 64=ReðRe < 2320Þ ns 1⁄4 <> 0:316Re0:25 ð2320 6 Re < 8E4Þ >: 0:0054 þ 0:3964Re0:3 ðRe > 8E4Þ 4.1.3. Condenser ð36Þ The condenser is also divided in 40 sections: 20 for the single- phase region and 20 for the two-phase region. The condensation heat transfer coefficients are evaluated by Eqs. (37)–(39) [51]: adM 1 /v 0:68 1:1 ð0:3 þ 0:1Prl Þ ð37Þ ð38Þ 2 20:5 Nu 1⁄4 k 1⁄4 NuF þ NuB NuF 1⁄4 0:152 X tt RelPDF Image | Performance comparison and parametric optimization of subcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and transcritical power cycle system for low-temperature geothermal power generation
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