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Z. Shengjun et al. / Applied Energy 88 (2011) 2740–2754 2749 Fig. 8. Exergy efficiency varying with turbine inlet reduced pressure under the same turbine inlet temperature and condensing temperature in transcritical power cycle. Fig. 9. Exergy efficiency of different working fluids under the optimized operation parameters. 1.1% higher than that of R227ea. However, the thermal efficiency varied much among the fluids. As described in Section 5.1, the ther- mal efficiency of R123 was 17.5% larger than that of R227ea. As a result, the exergy efficiency of R123 was 15.9% higher than that of R227ea. So the evaluation results by exergy efficiency were the same with the thermal efficiency. For transcritical power cycle, the minimum temperature differ- ence (the pinch point) appeared at either the ends of main heat ex- changer (e.g. CO2) or inside the heat exchanger. So the fluid’s mass flow was adjusted for the working fluids to fulfill the pinch point temperature difference. It was identified from Fig. 8 that for each combination of Tmax and Tc there existed a value of Pmax which maximized the exergy efficiency. It was because that temperature match degree between the fluid streams changed with the maxi- mum pressure, the irreversibilities in vapor generator could be re- duced and an optimum exergy efficiency could be achieved by varying the operating pressure. As for CO2, the exergy efficiency was a function of the four independent parameters, Tmax, Pmax, Tc and the net power output of the system. So its results were not pre- sented in Fig. 8. It could be observed from Fig. 8 that the highest exergy efficiency was 45.9% yielded by R143a. However, the opti- mum reduced pressure for R143a was 1.04, near to the critical pressure, which may lead to the instability of the transcritical power cycle system [27]. R170 yielded the lowest second law effi- ciency, 32% less than that of R143a. R41 delivered the exergy effi- ciency of 42.2%. And the optimized reduced pressure was 1.4, far from the critical point. It was an excellent fluid in transcritical power cycle. Another interesting observation was that the optimiz- ing reduced pressures were increasing with the decreasing critical temperature of the working fluid. For example, the critical temper- ature of R143a was higher than that of R41. The maximum exergy efficiency value for the R143a corresponded to a lower reducedPDF Image | Performance comparison and parametric optimization of subcritical Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and transcritical power cycle system for low-temperature geothermal power generation
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