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12 these safety estimates, Ritter and Colbourne [7] presented estimations of so-called background Risks Jetter et al. [26] used a fault tree analysis to estimate the number of refrigerant exposures of automotive service technicians and vehicle occupants in the USA. A quantitative risk assessment model was developed by Colbourne and Suen [27] to examine the influence of design, installation of equipment and external conditions on the frequency of ignition and the associated consequences for indoor refrigeration and air-conditioning units using HC refrigerants. Safety testing of domestic refrigerators was conducted by Gigiel [28] based on the current international standard EN/ IEC 60335-2-24 (2001). The single-phase secondary refrigerant can be divided into two categories, aqueous and non-aqueous solution (Ure, [29] Ubaldo [30]). Melinder [31] reported the performance of aqueous secondary fluids and non-aqueous secondary fluids for indirect systems. Compared to all the water solutions, the non-aqueous fluids such as diethylbenzene mixtures, hydrocarbon mixtures, hydrofluoroether, polydimethylsiloxan require a much larger volume flow rate under the same refrigeration capacity and temperature change. Ure [29, 32] ascertained several requirements that any secondary refrigerants must satisfy: • low viscosity • high specific heat • good thermal conductivity • good chemical corrosion inhibiting • chemically stable, no separation or degrading • non-toxic • non-flammable • food grade for food refrigeration Numerous authors presented experimental and simulation results on fundamental research of ice slurries in terms of ice particle shape and growth behaviour ( Kauffeld et al., [33]; Okawa et al.,[34]; Sari et al., [35]), physical properties (Hansen et al.,[36]; Inaba, [37]; Meewisse and Ferreira,[38] and fluid dynamics (Ayel et al.,[39]; Jensen et al., [40]; Kitanovski and Poredos, [41]). Kauffeld et al. [42] published a handbook of ice slurries in 2005 as well. The main disadvantage of CO2 appeared to be the relatively low critical temperature and the availability of components (Hinde et al.)[43]. A few applications, which utilize CO2 as a volatile secondary refrigerant, have been implemented in low-temperature application (Melinder, [44]; Pachai, [45]; Pearson, [46]). Palm [1] reported that HC producers listed the compressor manufactures whose compressors are compatible for HCs. Janssen and Beks[40] evaluated hermetic compressor performances when changing from R12 to a HC mixture of R600a and R290.Corberan et al.[5] investigated the performance of a positive displacement hermetic refrigerant piston compressor working with R290 as refrigerant. Cooling capacity of R22 compressor that was switched to R290 was lowered to an amount ranging from 13 to 19%. On the other hand, the COP of the system increased from 2 to 6%. Devotta and Sawant [47] carried out the life cycle test of the hermetic compressor with R12, R134a, R410A and various HCs. They found that the HC mixture was more compatible with the hermetic compressor materials than R12 and R134a, even under the retrofit conditions. Pellec et al. [48] tested two types of heat exchangers working with ammonia and silicone heat transfer fluid as the secondary refrigerant [49-52]. Setaro et al. [53] tested and compared the heat transfer and pressure drop through a brazed plate heat exchanger and a tube-and- fin coil for two different refrigerants, R22 and R290 in an air-to water heat pump system. Hrnjak and Hoehne [54] reported that the air-to- R290 mini channel heat exchanger developed for a 2 kW cooling capacity refrigeration system needed less than 0.13 kg of R290 due to its smaller internal volume than that of traditional fin-and-tube heat exchanger. Hrnjak and Litch [55] also presented the experimental results of mini channel heat exchanger utilized as an air- cooled condenser in a prototype ammonia chiller. Fernando et al. [56] studied liquid-to-refrigerant heat exchangers using flat multiport with 1.4mm hydraulic diameter tubes and showed a lower charge compared to plate heat exchangers. Fernando et al. [57-59] also carried out comprehensive tests on performance of mini channel aluminium tube heat exchangers working as evaporator and condenser. Walker [60] shows the typical layout of the SL system in a supermarket refrigeration application. The primary loop is composed of the parallel compressors • air-cooled condenser • expansion device • evaporator • secondary refrigerant pump • Secondary refrigerant coil. Kruse [61] compared the energy consumption of DX system and an indirect refrigeration system with a secondary fluid loop. Kauffeld [62] reviewed the trends and perspectives in supermarket refrigeration and compared an indirect, distributed cascade and two- stage refrigeration systems theoretically. Delventura et al. [63] took an evaluation of the SL supermarket refrigeration system and compared it with the traditional DX refrigeration system. Kazachki and Hinde [64] compared the SL system with the traditional centralized DX system for the supermarket. Evenmo [65] cited a supermarket in the United Kingdom using R407C as the primary refrigerant and a commercial fluid as the secondary fluid, since first used in February 1997.Horton et al. [66] tested a drop-in SL refrigeration system for medium temperature supermarket applications. Arias and Lundqvist [67] reported field test results of advanced systems in three Recovery of Engine Waste Heat for Reutilization in Air Conditioning System in an Automobile: An Investigation © 2012 Global Journals Inc. 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