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Solar Energy: A National Perspective R&D 100 Awards Research sponsored by the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program has produced more than 235 patents and received numerous awards. R&D Magazine presents the prestigious R&D 100 awards annually to the 100 top research breakthroughs for that particular year. The DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy has received more than 105 R&D 100 awards—more than any other agency other than NASA, more than any private company except General Electric, and more than any single country in the world except Japan. Of that total, more than 10% of these awards were given to the Solar Program, including: 1984 Copper Indium Diselenide Solar Cell 1985 Volume-Indexed Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry 1989 Spectroscopic Scanning Tunneling Microscope 1991 Gallium Indium Phosphide/Gallium Arsenide Tandem Solar Cell 1991 Cadmium Telluride Photovoltaic Modules 1992 Atomic Processing Microscope 1992 Solar Detoxification of Hazardous Organic Materials in Groundwater 1993 Scanning Defect Mapping System 1993 Dish-Stirling System 1993 Aqueous Chelating Etch 1994 High-Performance Photovoltaic Cell 1994 Transpired Solar Collector 1997 “PV Optics” Software Light-Trapping Model for Solar Cells 1998 UNI-SOLAR Triple-Junction Amorphous- Silicon Solar-Electric Modules 1999 Siemens Solar Industries’ High-Performance Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules 2001 Triple-Junction Terrestrial Concentrator Solar Cell 2002 Power-View Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Module 4 Solar Energy Technologies Program Near-Term Goals: The 2005 goals for the Solar Program will promote the increased use of solar energy by reducing solar energy system costs as follows: • Electricity from photovoltaic systems reduced to $0.18/kWh • Polymer solar water heater reduced to $0.04/kWh—the thermal equivalent of $4 per million Btu (MBtu) • Electricity from concentrating-solar-power systems reduced to $0.10/kWh. Long-Term Goals: The 2020 goal for the Solar Program is for the cost of solar energy to be competitive with fossil fuels. Although it is difficult to predict the cost of energy that far into the future, it is projected that by 2020, intermediate load electricity will be $0.04 to $0.06/kWh, while homeowners will pay $0.08 to $0.10/kWh, and thermal energy will be $4 to $6/MBtu. Solar must be at or below the cost of fossil fuels if it is going to play a major role in the market. If photovoltaic (PV) goals are met, industry projects that PV capacity could reach 30,000 megawatts (MW) in the United States by 2020. Projections for applications of concentrating solar power and solar thermal are under development. These levels of market penetration will be attained by sustaining a Federal R&D program that results in technology improvements and breakthroughs that steadily decrease the cost of solar energy, in combination with Federal and state policy actions that encourage the increased use of solar energy (e.g., renewable portfolio standards, system- benefit charges, tax incentives, net-metering standards). Strategy The Solar Program’s strategy is to develop a portfolio of technologies that can provide: • Electricpowerforapplicationsasdiverseasemergencyroadside telephones, single-family homes, and entire communities • Sunlightforilluminationintheinteriorroomsofbuildings • Thermalenergyforspaceheatingandcooling,poolheating,and domestic water heating • Combinationsofelectricandthermalenergyforproducinghydrogenor the desalination of water. The Program will pursue this strategy using a systems-driven approach with a solid analytical foundation based on an accurate understanding of these questions: • Whatdrivesbusinessandconsumerenergyinvestmentdecisions? • Howdoenergymarketsoperate? • Whatarethepolicyimplicationsoflawsandregulations?PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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