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Table 4.1.1-2 presents targets for a residential application comprising crystalline-silicon modules in the 2003 baseline example, and Table 4.1.1-3 adds a storage capacity to these parameters. Because BOS requirements are expected to be more costly in the residential applications, the resulting system and LEC targets here are somewhat higher than in Table 4.1.1-1 above. However, for comparable applications (markets), the ultimate targets for thin films and crystalline-silicon technologies (including new thin-silicon approaches) are the same. Table 4.1.1-2. Targets for Flat-Plate PV Systems in Residential Applications System Element Design Module Price Direct cost/power Conversion efficiency Direct cost/area Inverter Price DC-AC conversion efficiency Replacement Other BOS Installation INSTALLED SYSTEM PRICE System Efficiency Lifetime Degradation O&M cost LEVELIZED ENERGY COST Considerations: 2007 2020 0.15 0.10 2.50 1.00–1.50 1.65 0.33–0.50 15 15–20 250 50–100 0.50 0.30 96 97 10 20 0.60 0.40 1.50 0.50 5.20 2.30–2.80 14 16 20 30 1-2 1 0.02 0.005 0.22 0.8–0.10 (2–3-kW grid-tied example) Units 2003 $/Wac 0.25 $/Wp,dc 4.80 $/Wp,dc 3.00 % 14 $/m2 420 $/Wac 1.10 % 94 Years 5 $/Wac 0.85 $/Wac 2.50 $/Wac 6.20–9.50* % 11.5 Years 20 %/Yr 1–2 $/kWhac 0.08 $/kWhac 0.25–0.40* LEC is cost to consumer. 2003 numbers taken from example of Figure 4.1.1-3. LEC is dependent on solar resource (2000 kWh/m2/yr assumed here). 2003 data assume retrofit market; 2007 and 2020 are for new construction. O&M primarily based on one inverter replacement every 5 years for 2003 figures; every 10 years for 2010 and 2020 figures. *The ranges reflect the variability in calculations including various incentives and financing assumptions. LECs have been reported previously for year 2000 with incentives included. Table 4.1.1-3. Targets for Flat-Plate PV Systems in Residential Applications (2–3-kW grid-connected with storage example) Units 2003 2007 $/Wac 0.55 0.30 $/Wp,dc 4.80 2.50 $/Wp,dc 3.00 1.65 % 14 15 $/m2 420 250 System Element Design Module Price Direct cost/power Conversion efficiency Direct cost/area 2020 0.20 1.00–1.50 0.33–0.50 15–20 50–100 Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 51PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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