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Inverter Price DC-AC conversion efficiency Replacement Other BOS Storage Installation INSTALLED SYSTEM PRICE System Efficiency Lifetime Degradation O&M Cost LEVELIZED ENERGY COST Considerations: $/Wac % Years 1.10 94 5 0.50 0.30 96 97 10 20 1.00 0.40 0.75 0.75 2.20 1.20 7.30 3.90–4.40 14 16 20 30 1–2 1 0.14 0.125 0.38 0.25–0.27 $/Wac 1.10 $/Wac 0.75 $/Wac 3.00 $/Wac 10.30 % Years %/Yr $/kWhac $/kWhac 11.5 20 1–2 0.20 0.59 LEC is cost to consumer. 2003 numbers taken from example of Figure 4.1.1-3 with storage added. LEC is dependent on amount of kWh of sunshine per year (2000 kWh/yr assumed here). 2003 data assume retrofit market; 2007 and 2020 are for new construction. Storage: 25 kWh of batteries. O&M: inverter replacement (5 yrs in 2003); battery replacement (5 years +$400 labor); battery maintenance ($200/yr) The following BOS targets (Table 4.1.1-4) show the difference in cost for various-sized inverters and is shown here for correlation to the above target tables. Additional lower-level targets will be developed as the systems-driven approach is applied further to PV systems Table 4 .1.1-4. Targets for PV Balance of Systems Inverters 1–10 kW 10–100 kW >100 kW Charge controllers Batteries Array mounting Years $/W $/W Years $/W $/W Years $/W $/W Years $/W $/W Years $/W 1.85 1.50 0.50 Indicator Inverter replacement Hardware cost O&M per lifetime (labor) Inverter Replacement Hardware Cost O&M per lifetime (labor) Inverter Replacement Hardware cost O&M per lifetime (labor) Replacement Hardware Cost O&M per MTFF (labor) Lifetime Installed cost Units 2003 2007 2020 0.50 0.30 0.15 0.10 10 20 0.40 0.30 0.05 0.01 10 20 0.40 0.25 0.03 0.02 10 20 0.10 0.10 0.025 0.025 10 10 Preliminary barriers to the achievement of system and lower level goals and objectives have been identified. These barriers will be further examined as we continue our systems-driven analytical activities and identify key cost and performance drivers. Barriers for flat-plate PV are listed below. Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan *Information needs updating. **Highly dependent on battery technology, system design and maintenance. Barriers 5* 10 20 0.73–1.50 0.10–0.20 5* 0.75 0.01–0.10 5* 0.60 0.04 5 0.10–0.25 0.025 3–8** 52PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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