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systems) of the sun’s rays. If, for example, the concentration ratio is 300 suns, the system is usually described as a “300x system.” Typical linear concentrator systems operate at 10x to 20x, whereas point-focus concepts work at 200x to 1000x or more. The lower-concentration systems have an apparent advantage in that, with minor changes, they can use lower-efficiency, one-sun solar cells, whereas higher-concentration systems use solar cells designed for very high efficiency and highly concentrated sunlight. Systems analyses conducted to date suggest that higher-concentration CPV systems, above 500x, will take more development, but will ultimately produce less-expensive electricity. The collective configuration of the solar cells, heat-dissipation components, secondary optical components, and electrodes constitutes the “receiver” within a concentrator module. Figures 4.1.2-2 through 4.1.2-4 show a point-focus Fresnel lens concentrator system, linear-focus Fresnel lens concentrator, and point-focus dish concentrator, respectively. Figure 4.1.2-3. Schematic of a linear-focus Figure 4.1.2-4. Schematic of a point-focus Fresnel lens concentrator PV system. dish concentrator PV system. Current Activities: The DOE Solar Program is funding research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for higher-efficiency III-V solar cells, at several universities as part of the DOE/NREL Fundamental and Exploratory Research Project, and on concentrator cells and receivers as part of the DOE/NREL High-Performance PV Project. The Concentrating Solar Power subprogram has recently provided some funding to integrate III-V cells into a dish concentrator previously designed for a Stirling engine receiver. NREL served as the primary driver for the development of the first CPV qualification standard, completed in 2001, and now leads the international CPV standards effort. There are several small U.S. companies working on CPV designs and systems. One company has deployed 500 kW of their fifth-generation CPV systems, most of them in Arizona. Another company had sold terrestrial systems in the 1980s, but most of their recent work has been the development of CPV systems for use in space projects Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 69PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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