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• The CPV system efficiency is 15% • The concentration ratio is 250x • The levelized electricity cost (LEC) is between about 25 and 40 cents/kWh and depends on financial and solar resource assumptions. The 2007 objectives for a 10-MW plant are: • Reduce the cost of III-V solar cells to $3/cm2 • Reduce the cost of concentrator modules to $100/m2 • Reduce the cost of tracker components to $40/m2 • Reduce operation and maintenance costs to 1 cent/kWh • Achieve greater than 33% (production) solar-cell efficiency in III-V devices suitable for high solar concentrations such as 400x • Achieve greater than 22% system efficiency for a CPV technology • Achieve an LEC of 20 cents/kWh for a solar resource of 2,400 kWh/m2-yr. The 2020 objectives for an 80-MW plant are: • Achieve greater than 40% (production) solar-cell efficiency in III-V devices suitable for high solar concentrations • Achieve greater than 33% system efficiency at 1000x for a CPV technology • Reduce the cost of solar cells to $1.50/cm2 • Reduce the cost of concentrator modules to $80/m2 • Reduce the cost of tracker components to $25/m2 • Reduce operation and maintenance costs to 0.5 cent/kWh • Achieve an LEC of 4-6 cents/kWh for a solar resource of 2,400 kWh/m2-yr. Discussion of Analysis and Assumptions for these Cost Objectives In December 1997, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the DOE’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) completed a systems-analysis characterization of all major renewable energy technologies, including CPV systems (Renewable Energy Technology Characterizations, EPRI TR-109496). The characterization developed potential component costs and performance for a variety of CPV system and solar-cell technologies and listed them, beginning with a CPV baseline system in 1996, for intervals ending in 2030. The analysis was not based on detailed (and expensive) engineering design conceptual analyses, but rather, on a consensus review of present and future CPV systems. The cost uncertainties in the study’s total system costs ranged from ±10% in the near term to ±50% for long-term estimates. Although the analysis could be considered optimistic, the report’s authors and review panel provided oversight for the consensus reviews to have the same degree of optimism among all the renewable energy technologies. Within the analysis uncertainties, this technology characterization showed that CPV systems are just as capable of achieving the same low cost of energy (COE) as those resulting from the analyses for flat-plate crystalline silicon and flat-plate thin-film PV technologies. The above list of costs, goals, and objectives is based on the results in this technology- characterization report. Specifically, the COE goals for concentrator PV systems are 10 cents/kWh by 2010 and 4-6 cents/kWh by 2025. Within analysis uncertainties, the DOE/NREL High-Performance PV project has a similar near-term (2012) goal of $1.50/peak watt (Wp) for the price of an alternating-current (AC) system producing electricity at 6 cent/kWh. A key advantage of concentrator PV systems is the potential to reduce cell costs within the entire system through the use of optical elements. Part of the long-term goal for CPV systems is to have the solar-cell cost accounting for 5% to 10% of the total CPV system cost. Nevertheless, the remaining component costs, other than solar-cell cost, also need to be reduced during this time period because today’s component costs are twice those associated with the 2007 objectives, partly because today’s systems are in extremely limited production, well below 1 MW Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 71PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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