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per year. There is, therefore, an assumption that large-scale production is needed to achieve the cost objectives listed above. Within the DOE-EPRI Technology Characterization, the system and plant size increased over the 34-year planning period to 80 MW, whereas the baseline plant size was only 20 kW. 4.1.2.3 Key Technical Challenges The key technical challenges are to: • Increase the performance of high-efficiency solar cells by identifying new materials and cell design • Lower the cost impact of high-efficiency solar cells by reducing cell costs and/or by developing higher-concentration PV systems approaching 1000 suns • Develop receivers meeting flux uniformity, cell packaging, electrical insulation, heat transfer, and other requirements needed for long-term reliability • Lower the cost of the concentrator structure through design improvements that reduce the amount of steel and other structural materials • Lower the system cost through manufacturing R&D • Complete international test standards to prevent reliability problems and reduce operations and maintenance costs for deployed CPV systems and components. Technical Targets The technical targets for CPV technologies are shown in the table below: Table 4.1.2-1. Technical Targets for CPV Technologies System Element Solar resource Plant size (Production) solar cell efficiency Optical efficiency Cell cost per cell area System efficiency Capacity factor CPV module cost Tracking cost Power-related balance-of-systems Area-related BOS other than land Indirect costs (% added to all above costs, not including land, to account for marketing and other indirect costs) Annual O&M costs Total capital cost per AC Wp Units 2003 (baseline) kWh/m2-yr 2400 MW 1 % 25 % 80 $/cm2 2 (silicon) % 15 % 32 $/m2 160 $/m2 70 $/Wp 0.6 $/m2 140 % 20 $/kWh-yr .02 $/Wp 9.00 2007 2025 2400 2400 10 80 33 40 85 90 3 (III-V) 22 33 32 32 90 80 35 25 0.3 0.15 70 50 15 10 .01 .005 5.0 1.0 1.50 (III-V) The LEC associated with these technical targets needs to be determined using consistent financial and solar-resource assumptions. Nevertheless, the LEC for the 2003 baseline is almost 40 cents/kWh for a 1-MW plant (which hasn’t been built yet), whereas the 2007 target has an LEC of 20 cents/kWh for a much larger (10 MW) plant size and the 2025 goal LEC is 4-6 cents/kWh—again, for an even larger plant of 80 MW. Technical Barriers These technical barriers listed below are associated with the need for improved performance, lower cost, and demonstrated reliability for a CPV system and its components. The receiver does Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 72PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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