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4.2 Concentrating Solar Power Systems As introduced in Section 2, concentrating solar power (CSP) systems include three distinct technologies: parabolic troughs, power towers, and dish-Stirling systems. 4.2.1 Technology Systems Status Parabolic-trough solar technology has been demonstrated by the nine large utility-scale solar power plants that are operating in California’s Mojave Desert. These plants, developed by Luz International Limited and referred to as Solar Electric Generating Systems (SEGS), range in size from 14 to 80 MW and represent 354 MW of installed electric-generating capacity. More than 2 million square meters of parabolic-trough collector technology have been operating daily for as long as 18 years, and, as the year 2002 ended, these plants had accumulated 135 plant-years of operational experience. By virtue of the SEGS experience, parabolic-trough technology has proven to be a robust and reliable power technology in an industrial-utility operating environment. Its key advantages are proven performance, manufacturing simplicity, use of standard equipment and materials, improvement in cost effectiveness via incremental steps, and low technical or financial risk to the investor. Figure 4.2-1 is a schematic of a parabolic-trough system. Figure 4.2-1. Schematic of a parabolic-trough system Current power-tower technology takes the form of utility-scale, grid-connected plants providing electricity to the wholesale market. Numerous working fluids have been tested or considered for use in power-tower plants, including water/steam, air, sodium, and molten salt. The DOE Solar Program has narrowed R&D efforts to focus on the use of molten salt, because it offers very low-cost thermal storage that enables a plant to “dispatch” and produce electricity when it is desired, not just when the sun shines, and to achieve a high capacity factor. Molten-salt power-tower technology was Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 78PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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