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demonstrated at the 10-MWe Solar Two project that operated from 1996 to 1999, but has not yet been deployed commercially. However, a number of opportunities have surfaced recently that could result in the deployment of commercial power-tower technology. A schematic of a solar power tower is shown in Figure 4.2-2. Figure 4.2-2. Schematic of a solar power tower system Four dish-engine systems are under development today: two are 25-kW and two are 10-kW units. Three of these units are located in the United States and one is in Germany. About 23 units of these systems have been built during the last 10 years. All of the current systems use kinematic Stirling engines. Stirling engines are used because of their high efficiencies, high power density, tolerance of non-uniform flux distributions, and potential for long-term, low-maintenance operation. An existing dish-Stirling system has demonstrated a peak, instantaneous, net solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of nearly 30%. Concentrating PV and other converters are also being considered for use in dish systems. Figure 4.2-3 is a schematic of a dish/engine system. Current Activities. Trough R&D activities focus on improved concentrator designs, advances to the trough receiver, improved reflectors, development of thermal storage, and advances in power-cycle integration. These R&D efforts are supporting the development of new trough plants currently in development or under consideration in Sun Belt countries around the globe. Recent power-tower activities have included assisting industry incorporate the lessons learned from the Solar Two demonstration project into the baseline design for the next commercial plant and supporting industry with technology-development activities. Current activities related to dish-Stirling systems focus on reliability improvement and potential deployment of dish-Stirling systems in southern Nevada. Reliability improvement focuses on operating systems and collecting data on component failures (severity and type of failure), identifying root causes, initiating repairs, and implementing design changes or upgrades to fix the problem. This approach has proved very useful on three systems currently being tested and will be expanded to a third unit from another manufacturer. Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 79PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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