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Objectives1,2 Troughs The 2003 technology baseline is a 50-MWe trough plant with no thermal storage, a net solar-to-electric efficiency of about 11% to 13%, and an LEC of about $0.12/kWh in solar resource regions of 2940 kWh/m2-yr. Objectives for future years follow. • By 2005, develop and validate 100-MWe trough-plant technology that uses thermal storage technologies that provide up to 6 hours of storage, costs less than $30/kWht, has 95% round-trip efficiency, and achieves an LEC of less than $0.10/kWh in solar resource regions of 2940 kWh/m2-yr. • By 2007, develop and validate 100-MWe trough plants that demonstrate solar-to-electric efficiencies greater than 16%, use thermal storage technologies that provide up to 12 hours of storage, cost less than $15/kWht, have 98% round-trip efficiency, and achieve an LEC of less than $0.07/kWh in solar resource regions of 2940 kWh/m2-yr. • By 2012, develop and validate 200-MWe trough plants that demonstrate solar-to-electric efficiencies greater than 16.5%, use thermal storage technologies that provide up to 12 hours of storage, cost about $10/kWht, have greater than 99% efficiency, and achieve an LEC of less than $0.05/kWh (in volume production) in solar resource regions of 2940 kWh/m2-yr. Power Towers The 2003 technology baseline is a 13.7-MWe plant using molten salt as the heat transfer fluid, 13 hours of thermal storage, an annual solar-to-electric efficiency of 13.7%, and an LEC of about $0.15/kWh in solar-resource regions of 2940 kWh/m2-yr. • Support deployment of the first commercial molten-salt power tower. • By 2007, demonstrate power tower technology capable of achieving an LEC of less than $0.06/kWh when deployed at 2940 kWh/m2-yr solar resource level. • By 2018, demonstrate power-tower technology capable of achieving LEC of $0.04/kWh when deployed at 2940 kWh/m2-yr solar resource level. • By 2025, demonstrate power-tower technology capable of powering Brayton and combined cycle plants as well as thermochemical reactors to create hydrogen or other fuels. Dishes For 2003, the technology baseline is a solar-only 25 kW dish-Stirling system with net annual solar-to- electric generation efficiency of about 20%, solar-only system operation, and a cost of energy (not including O&M cost) of about $.40 per kWh. Objectives for future years follow. • By 2007, validate 25-kW dish-Stirling systems that requires half the capital cost of current systems as a result of production and improved concentrator and power control unit (PCU) designs, demonstrate improved reliability with greatly reduced O&M costs, operate with an annual net solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of 23%, and achieve a cost of energy of less than $.20/kWh. 1 The technology baseline and future technology objectives for troughs and towers are based on the Sargent & Lundy Report, “Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts - Draft 3.” Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Sargent & Lundy, Chicago, Illinois, October 2002. 2 Levelized energy cost (LEC) is based on the DOE methodology in which LEC is shown in constant 2003 dollars (i.e., the effects of inflation are removed). Nominal input assumptions come from the S&L report and include independent power producer project finance with 30-year project life at 14% return for equity holders, 20-year debt at 8.5% interest with a minimum 135% debt coverage ratio, 0.5% annual insurance, and 0.5% property tax. Debt/equity ratio, initial energy price, and energy price escalation are selected to minimize LEC. The existing 10% investment tax credit and 5-year accelerated depreciation are included. This is equivalent to an approximately 8.8% real fixed-charge rate. Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 81PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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