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Solar Fuel From The Sky

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Solar Fuel From The Sky ( solar-fuel-from-the-sky )

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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY the ability to dispatch the plants. Hydro generation was included in the exhibit, because it is cur- rently the only important renewable source of energy in the West, and it is interesting to com- pare its capacity and energy production to that of solar and wind. The idea behind Exhibit 13 is to show how much energy demand each energy resource could meet if it were used exclusively to produce all the electricity in the West. For natural gas and coal, we have also calculated the number of years this resource would last until it was depleted based on current resource estimates. Further, for both fossil fuels, we show the air emissions impact the full use of this resource would have compared to actual 2001 emissions from west- ern power plants. Even though this exercise is hypothetical, it is nevertheless insightful. Fossil Fuels With oil production almost exclusively reserved for transportation and the chemical industry, nat- ural gas and coal remain the only fossil fuel resources available for electric power generation in the West. Natural gas is mainly found in Texas and along the Rockies. Coal, the most abundant fossil fuel, is found in many western states. The most important coal region is the Powder River Basin, which straddles Wyoming and Montana. According to our hypothetical estimate, 42 years of gas would be available if all western gas (base on the aforementioned estimate and reduced by the percentage currently used for industry and residential use) were used for power generation. Using the best available control technology (BACT), actual air emissions in the West would drop significantly because of the displacement of coal generation. BACT would also reduce western emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) if all generation were to come from coal, but carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, a greenhouse gas, would increase by 60%. (See Exhibit 13.) In light of current climate talks, generation from coal is not likely to increase its share as a source of western energy, unless CO2 emissions can be sequestered. According to our resource estimate, if all western electricity were generated from coal there are enough reserves to provide for 215 years of coal-fired generation until proven and likely economic reserves are depleted. Hydro, Wind, and Solar Hydro, wind, and solar are the important renewable energy resources in the West. Hydro’s gener- ating potential is fully developed and is thus limited to the current generation of 199,400 GWh, or one-fifth of western electric energy needs. Because the source of water in the West is primari- ly snowpack that melts in the spring, hydro generation exhibits an uneven pattern of generation over the course of a year, being highest in the spring and early summer. To meet one-fifth of western energy requires almost complete use of western hydro potential and comes with signifi- 27

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