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Chapter 2 Electricity from Solar Power A Clean and Abundant Energy Resource Flat panel photovoltaic (PV) solar cells, typically made of silicon and ubiquitous on calculators and roadside call boxes, are the best-known form of solar generating technology. Generally, the public associates flat panel PV with future solar energy production. However, flat panel PV is not the way solar energy will be harnessed in the near term for large- scale power generation. While it is the most visible of all solar technologies and for that reason attracts the attention and support of the public and policy makers, concentrating solar power (CSP) is positioned to be the true leader in solar power generation technology today. In CSP, mirrors or lenses first focus and amplify the sun’s energy. The concentrated sunlight is then converted to electricity through the photovoltaic process or a thermodynamic heat cycle, which uses a motor or turbine. In all CSP technologies, mirrors or lenses follow the trajectory of the sun through the sky and thus optimize energy collection. The four prominent CSP technolo- gies are concentrating PV (CPV), parabolic trough, dish Stirling, and power tower; the latter three use a heat cycle to produce energy. Currently, CSP is the most efficient and cost-effective way to generate electricity from the sun. In addition, hundreds of megawatts of CSP generating capacity could be brought on-line within a few years and make a meaningful contribution to our energy needs. Exhibit 18 provides an overview of solar power cost of flat panel PV and CSP technologies. Exhibit 18: Solar Power Cost and Performance Overview Technology Flat Panel PV (3) Capital Cost $/kW (1) 7,500–8,500 Power Cost Cents/kWh (2) 51.0 CSP Technologies Concentrating PV Dish Stirling Parabolic Trough Power Tower TBD 2,650 2,877 2,713 TBD 16.7 13.4 9.0 SOURCE: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Stirling Energy Systems, RDI Consulting financial model (1) Based on current technology, standard plant size, and assumed installation levels. See sections, “The True Cost of Using Solar Power” and “A Primer on Solar Generating Technologies.” (2) Power cost based on capital cost, variable and fixed O&M cost, and certain financial assumptions. See “The Price of Solar Power.” (3) Crystalline silicon. 41PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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