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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY Given the vast expanses of unused land in the West, especially in the desert, such areas are easy to find and could produce solar energy indefinitely. Beyond that, no additional land is need- ed for other uses such as resource extraction, that is, mining or drilling. And, by using heat stor- age, solar power could provide pure solar energy around the clock. In fact, a detailed load shape analysis for Nevada Power indicates that as little as 3.5 hours of solar energy storage at a specific capacity could displace almost equivalent amounts of conventional capacity (see “Heat Storage”) in that market. Solar power generation compares favorably with other renewables such as wind. A solar power plant in a premium resource area would only require one-fifth of the land that a wind farm would need if it were located in a top wind energy resource area (Power Class 7). While the construc- tion of a solar power plant practically excludes other land uses, the small footprint of the wind turbine towers permits farming or ranching to continue almost undisturbed. This is a great advantage of wind power and will continue to provide a driver for its deployment. Solar’s advan- tage, conversely, is that most land on which solar power plants could be built are deserts. Premium solar resource areas, for example, are typically hot plains with little or no vegetation. Compared to the hydro projects of the Colorado River Project, solar power compares especially well. A CSP plant could produce the same annual energy as the Glen Canyon Dam on only 6% of the land now inundated by the waters of Lake Powell. Although Lake Powell has become a favorite vacation spot and contributes greatly to western water management, its electric power genera- tion capabilities could not be justified today in terms of the associated environmental impacts. The Solar Energy Potential Critical to evaluating solar power’s potential for western energy supply are the questions of how much land is available in the western U.S. for solar power plant development and what is the quali- ty of the solar resources. To answer these questions, RDI Consulting performed a detailed analysis using solar radiation data3 from NREL and RDI’s POWERmap geographic information system (GIS). Using these solar radiation data, we created three solar resource classifications based on the annual average solar energy, expressed in kWh/m2/day as shown in Exhibit 22. These solar data are for direct normal radiation as received by a two-axis tracking concentrator and can be used directly for dish Stirling systems, CPV, or power towers. The data also provide a good estimate for parabolic trough plants, which have only single-axis tracking. Solar power plant development is justified in an area that has at least good solar resources. Large areas in the Desert Southwest have good, excellent, or premium solar resources. Even though the West has vast expanses of open land, some of this is already being used or is not suitable for solar power plant development. The White Sands missile range in New Mexico, for example, is off limits, as are the national parks. Other sunny areas of the West are too moun- 47PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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