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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY These loads are associated with summer heat waves, which typically hit both areas in August. It should be noted that the month of highest temperature, humidity and load occurs two months after solar energy has peaked.13 Though solar radiation reaches its highest levels in June, south- western energy demand does not peak until August. This is because local temperatures are greatly influenced by larger weather patterns and it takes about two months before the warming of the northern hemisphere brings the dog days of summer to the Desert Southwest. Nevertheless, solar energy production is well correlated with load—increasing in the summer, when electricity is needed the most. In contrast, output from conventional thermal power plants, such as natural gas-fired combined cycle, coal, or even nuclear plants, drops by about 10% in the summer months due to less efficient thermal cycles. Therefore, solar and conventional ther- mal power plant output complement each other well. This situation would be especially true in the Southwest and Texas, which both rely heavily on coal, nuclear, and natural gas for power generation (see Exhibit 7). But, even for California, which has considerable amounts of hydro energy, a similar argument holds. This is because after the spring, runoff for hydro generation drops off considerably. Exhibit 29 shows, however, significant differences in the relationship between solar energy and load. Most of SCE’s load is located in Los Angeles, which has a moderate climate year round due to the strong influence of the ocean and coastal clouds. We have assumed that a solar power plant serving SCE would be located in the Mojave Desert, where solar energy production in January or February would be lower by about 40% than the maximum solar output in June, while the load would only be about 20% lower. This means that solar output falls off faster than load in this example. Fortunately, the situation in the Las Vegas area is different. Here air-conditioning loads result in a seasonal load profile that is similar to solar energy production. The solar energy profile falls below the load profile only during the months of July and August. This means solar energy pro- duction in this market follows electricity load very well, and solar power can provide enough energy despite the seasonal variation in sunshine. In many other areas of the Desert Southwest, the relationship between load and solar radiation is likely to be similar to the situation in Nevada. Phoenix and Tucson have a load shape similar to Nevada. In these regions, solar energy is also expected to be a good match to the load profile. The True Cost of Using Solar Power In order to provide an estimate of the cost of using solar power for western energy supply, we have taken an approach that marks the solar power plant to market and then calculates the cost of power. We undertook the following steps: 61PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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