PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 081
FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY The fossil fuel hybrid parabolic trough plant was able to receive the highest average price in the market—56.17 $/MWh—because the gas-fired boiler can be dispatched based on next-hour prices. The solar portion of the generation, however, received a price similar to the dish Stirling plants. Of course, the higher revenues also come with a higher production cost—24.5% of the dispatch was due to natural gas, which increased the production cost by 40.13 $/MWh (from 9.62 $/MWh) for electricity generated when burning gas. However, because of the ability to switch to natural gas as a backup fuel, earnings from the parabolic trough hybrid varied the least from year to year. Over the 100 years of simulation, revenues had a standard deviation of 3.2%. The Price of Solar Power Even though we have to this point marked solar power plants to market as if they were merchant plants, in the near term no solar power plant will operate this way. This is because, at the current cost of solar power and forecast wholesale prices, these plants are not financially viable. In our financial modeling, we assume that these solar power plants are built with independent power pro- ducer (IPP) financing after securing a power purchase agreement (PPA) for at least 10 years for the entire output of the plant. The price paid under such a PPA will allow adequate debt service and will provide investors with an internal rate of return (IRR) based on the perceived risk of the technology. Exhibit 34 shows the key financial assumptions of the discounted cash flow model. In Exhibit 35 we show the power prices of our four solar power plant proxies from the discount- ed cash-flow model. The base case includes a 10% solar investment tax credit currently in place. On the production side, we reduced output proportionally to the equivalent forced outage rate (EFOR), which was assumed to be 5% for all technologies. The power price for the proxies is also affected by the different IRR, which increases with the perceived risk of the technology. The technology risk of a parabolic trough plant with fossil fuel hybridization is very low and comparable to conventional power generating technologies, because hundreds of megawatts of this technology have operated successfully for over a decade in California. An IRR of 15% appears reasonable. For parabolic trough with molten-salt heat storage, we increased the IRR to 18% to reflect the fact that molten-salt storage has not yet been used commercially. But this level of IRR seemed adequate, since the remainder of the plant is similar to the existing parabolic trough units. Exhibit 34: Key Financial Assumptions Item Debt to Equity Ratio Debt Maturity Debt Interest Rate Average Debt Service Coverage Ratio Minimum Debt Service Coverage Ratio Value 70/30 15 years 7.50% 1.5 1.3 Target IRR Dish Stirling Parabolic Trough w/ Heat Storage Parabolic Trough Fossil Hybrid 20% 18% 15% NOTE: Assumes IPP financing with long-term PPA of at least 10 years. 72PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
PDF Search Title:
Solar Fuel From The SkyOriginal File Name Searched:
32160.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |