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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY In the power tower concept, a large array of mirrors (called heliostats) tracks the sun in a way that reflects the sunlight onto a central receiver mounted on top of a tower. The sunlight is absorbed and turned into heat, which in turn powers a steam cycle. Exhibit 38 shows the design of a power tower. Parabolic trough plants and power towers can use molten-salt heat storage or fossil fuel hybridization to generate power when the sun does not shine. In molten-salt technology, salt is heated to a point at which it liquefies, hence the term molten salt. Power towers have some general advantages over other solar generating technologies. Because an array of hundreds of mirrors focuses the light on one central receiver, the temperature of the thermal cycle is very high, resulting in good steam cycle efficiency. Molten salt, the heat transfer and energy storage medium, poses no threat to the environment. The high temperature of the working medium also results in better heat storage cycle efficiencies than is possible with para- bolic trough plants. When heat storage is used, the solar field is usually oversized so that heat can be dumped into storage while the remaining solar field continues to generate enough heat for the plant to con- tinue to operate at its rated capacity. The ratio of solar field thermal capacity to electric capac- ity is called the solar-to-electric capacity ratio. A solar power plant with a ratio of 1.8 has a solar field that, under normal sun conditions, produces 80% more energy than the plant’s elec- tric power rating. A 100-MW plant with a solar-to-electric capacity ratio of 2.0 would have a 200-MW solar collector field. The electric load shape and associated power prices in a market determine which solar-to- capacity ratio with how many hours of heat storage provides the greatest value to the plant owner. Optimization algorithms are used to determine the plant design. For the Desert Exhibit 38: Design of a Solar Tower SOURCE: Status Report on Solar Thermal Power Plants, Pilkinton Solar International, 1996. Used with permission. 83PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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