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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY Exhibit 40: Cost and Performance of Thermal Concentrating Solar Power Plants Dish Stirling Parabolic Trough Power Tower Standard Plant Size 2.5 MW/100 MW 100 MW 100 MW Max Conversion Efficiency % (1) 30% 24% 22% Generation Threshold W/m2 200 300 300 Annual Average Efficiency (2) 21.40% 13.70% 16.00% Annual Avg. Capacity Factor (2) Basic Plant 25.20% 23% 29% With Thermal Storage (3) N/A 33% (4 hrs, 1.8 x) 48% (8 hrs, 1.8 x) With Fossil Fuel Hybridization N/A 23-95% 29-95% Equiv. Forced Outage Rate (EFOR) % 5 (estimate) 5 5 (estimate) Off-Sun Generation Fossil Hybrid Heat Storage/Fossil Hybrid Heat Storage/Fossil Hybrid Acres/MW of Collectors 4 5 8 Construction Time (4) 3-4 days per unit; 35 days/6 months 12 months 12 months Incremental Capital Cost Basic Plant $/kW 2,650 1,956 2,065 Heat Storage $/kWh N/A 103 27 Additional Solar Field $/kW N/A 510 540 Fossil Fuel Hybridization $/kW Not commercial 196 196 Fossil Heat Rate (HHV) (4) TBD 10,800 10,000 Incremental Fixed O&M $/kW-year Basic 40/2.5 33 30 Heat Storage N/A 2 1.5 Additional Solar Field Only N/A 2 1.5 Fossil Fuel Hybridization N/A – – Incremental Variable Non-fuel O&M $/MWh Basic 16.80/15 2 2 Heat Storage N/A – – Fossil Fuel Hybridization N/A – – RDI estimated new Capacity (MW) that could be built (5) 2002 0.7 – 2003 3.1 30 – 2004 27.5 100 50 2005 75 200 50 2006 100 300 150 Total 206.3 630 250 Cumulative U.S. Installations 118 kW 354 MW 10 MW Largest Unit in the U.S. 25 kW 80 MW 10 MW (decommissioned) Demonstrated System Hours 80,000 300,000 2,000 (1) At 1,000 W/m2. (2) Premium solar resource area. (3) The number of hours of full-load heat storage and the solar-to-electricity ratio are given in parentheses, e.g. “(3 hrs, 1.6 x)” means three hours of full-load electric gen- eration from heat storage and a solar field, which is oversized by 60% with regard to the electric capacity of the power island. (4) Based on natural gas. (5) Assumes sufficient tax or buydown incentives and private sector financing, but no government-backed programs, such as loan guarantees. 86PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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