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FUEL FROM THE SKY: SOLAR POWER’S POTENTIAL FOR WESTERN ENERGY SUPPLY plants and makes PV and dish Stirling true water misers. This is especially important in the Desert Southwest where water resources are scarce. Only wind power requires less water per megawatt-hour for the occasional turbine blade wash. Project Lead Time Is Short Solar power plants can be built quickly and can thus follow demand growth more closely than most conventional power projects. Capacity can be built within one to two years—start to finish. This is primarily because solar plants have short development and construction times. The long lead times of many types of conventional power projects, especially those of coal and nuclear plants, combined with their large size, which is dictated by economies of scale, causes signifi- cant lumpiness in supply additions.8 During such a long lead time, market fundamentals that originally justified the investment may have changed substantially, putting the economic viability of the project into question. Therefore, fast permitting and construction times are key competi- tive factors for any power generator. Pure solar power plants, such as dish Stirling systems, PV, and power towers and parabolic trough plants without fossil fuel hybridization, do not have to apply for air permits. This lengthy permitting process can take up considerable time in the development of a fossil fuel plant. Further, because dish Stirling systems and PV by design do not require cooling water, another regulatory hurdle can be bypassed. Another advantage of PV, dish Stirling, and power tower plants is the fact that very little or no toxic or combustible chemicals are part of the plant design. This eliminates most local permit- ting issues related to fire hazards or surface water run-off containment requirements under the Clean Water Act. Also, dish systems or PV have a lower visual impact than wind power plants, which stand as tall as 300 feet.9 The size of the wind turbines also requires a detailed geologi- cal study to guarantee the stability of the turbine foundation. For dishes, which are also mounted on a pedestal, such studies are simpler because of the much smaller size of the structure and because dishes avoid instead of seek wind loads, which wind turbines encounter by virtue of their location and operation. And finally, because the ideal locations for solar power plants are desert areas, acquiring these lands, obtaining zoning, and performing environmental impact studies will typically be a more rapid process than with urban and suburban areas targeted by conventional plants. Nevertheless, because of fire hazards, the land on which the collectors of a parabolic trough plant are located needs to be kept clear of vegetation at all times; this may cause problems under the Endangered Species Act or state wildlife protection laws. The small footprints of PV and the pedestal of dish Stirling cause a small impact on the land. Because of the aforementioned reasons, solar power plants should have one of the shortest per- 100PDF Image | Solar Fuel From The Sky
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