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plant would take large capital expenditure and suffer long delays, as witnessed by several such projects proposed in many countries, none of which has been built. However, a small solar trough power plant could be built quickly, provide local value, meeting a local customer’s needs. Rather than generate power for the wholesale market, STORES would focus on the retail market, because local value and prices may be higher. With proper optimization, such plants could be modularized, thereby achieving economies of production. They could be automated, and if the market existed, scaled up to larger sizes or scaled down to even smaller sizes, depending on the customer’s needs. Technological Barriers There were many technical barriers to overcome. The original nine plants were built with no precedent to guide them, learning as they went along. Given the circumstances, the achievement was all the more creditable. They used conventional steam turbine power plants for converting heat to electricity, and addressed the challenges of steam generation by going to bigger sizes, finding larger turbines, and fewer employees per megawatt. Furthermore, they were allowed to use up to 25% natural gas. Storage was not rewarded by higher pricing, and except for SEGS I, storage was not built into these plants. The plants were well designed, but power was expensive to produce, and when the strong price supports of the 1980 PURPA regulations collapsed, no more power plants were constructed. The support industry withered, and only small producers survived, helping to replace broken parts for maintenance. STORES needed to develop a power plant that could be used for small solar power plants. Steam technology was no longer available in small sizes. An alternative approach was to consider Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power systems that have been used very successfully for geothermal power plants for decades. There was also reason to examine whether the relatively low temperature of the resource could be better harnessed. Several process designs were considered to maximize efficiency, and several potential ORC suppliers were considered, particularly those who have previously supplied components or systems to the geothermal industry. Geothermal fluid, like the solar trough plants, is also relatively low temperature (300 F to 500 F), but there are viPDF Image | Solar Trough Organic Rankine Electricity System (STORES) Stage 1: Power Plant Optimization and Economics
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