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Temp. Cycle and Fluids Thermal Efficiency, % St e a m ORC gross net gross net 560 °F HTF Steam Simple Cycle vs. ORC Simple Cycle Butane 26.6 24.3 15.6 14.5 Steam Reheat vs. ORC Cascade Cycle Cyclohexane/ Butane 27.8 25.6 27 19.3 Steam Reheat vs. ORC Cascade Cyele Toluene/ butane 27.8 25.6 27.6 21 Steam Reheat+ Extraction vs. ORC Recuperative+ Cascade Cycle Cyclohexane/ Butane 30.3 28.2 30.9 21.1 Steam Reheat+ Extraction vs. ORC Recuperative+ Cascade Cycle Toluene/Butane 30.3 28.2 31.3 23.9 735 °F HTF Steam Simple Cycle vs. ORC Simple Cycle Butane 30.3 27.9 15.6 14.5 Steam Reheat vs. ORC Cascade Cycle Steam/ Butane 32.2 29.9 32 26.9 Steam Reheat vs. ORC Cascade Cyele Toluene/ butane 32.2 29.9 29.2 22.5 Steam Reheat+ Extraction vs. ORC Recuperative+ Cascade Cycle Steam/Butane 37.3 34.5 33.7 27.6 Steam Reheat+ Extraction vs. ORC Recuperative+ Cascade Cycle Toluene/Butane 37.3 34.5 35.4 28 Fig. 4.1.2: Comparison of Steam and Organic Cycles A comparison of steam and organic cycles for baseline conditions is shown in Figure 4.1.2 for two temperature thresholds, a peak of 560 F (the current practical maximum for storage) and a peak of 735 F (the practical maximum when storage is not required). For this study, it was assumed that the temperature difference between the hot HTF fluid and the cold HTF fluid is 85 F, representing a compromise between the conflicting goal of maximizing average HTF temperature and minimizing HTF volume. It is seen that even though careful design and fluid choice increase the performance of the ORC systems, at the average summer high temperature conditions, the steam cycle outperforms the ORC by 15% to 25%. However, there are other benefits of the ORC which make it a viable alternative to the steam cycle in specific applications. These benefits include: the ability to scale to smaller unit sizes, higher efficiencies during cooler ambient temperatures, 5PDF Image | Solar Trough Organic Rankine Electricity System (STORES) Stage 1: Power Plant Optimization and Economics
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