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The optimum cooling tower size was found to be roughly 1.5 times that of a standard cooling tower cell used in conventional power plants. At that size, the value of the incremental gross power produced by using a larger tower is equal to the incremental cost of the tower and the extra parasitic power of larger fans. CONCLUSION The water-cooled heat sink is the best option for a STORES power plant. Air-cooled systems would be considered only in locations where water is prohibitively expensive or have zero liquid discharge mandates. Generally, the condenser and cooling towers should be larger than traditional plants because the improved efficiency will be cost- effective. 4.3 Working Fluid Evaluations Organic “working fluids”, are the medium used for the Rankine cycle. They are hydrocarbons generally extracted from petroleum. At higher temperatures such as the 735 F possible with use of therminol as heat transfer fluid, the thermal stability of the working fluid becomes an issue. In choosing the right working fluid for a given cycle, the fluid should have thermal stability over the range of operating temperatures and a minimal degradation rate over time. The working fluids studied in this report are butane, heptane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, orthoxylene and ethylbenzene. Although published thermal stability data is sparse, particularly in the range of temperatures and pressures used for organic rankine cycles, it is still possible to estimate the relative stabilities of various compounds based on actual operating data and theoretical considerations. A summary of this analysis is given in Table 4.3.1. Fortunately, more extensive data is available for the fluids of greatest interest for STORES applications: butane and toluene. Butane has been used as a low temperature organic rankine cycle (ORC) working fluid for nearly two decades at a temperature of about 300 oF. Under these conditions, thermal degradation has not been a problem. 14PDF Image | Solar Trough Organic Rankine Electricity System (STORES) Stage 1: Power Plant Optimization and Economics
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