PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 026
In the 1980’s, toluene was considered as a high temperature working fluid for both solar and space ORC applications (Havens and Rogaller, 1988). Extensive long term testing was done at 750 oF yielding quantitative degradation rates of around 0.3 wt% per year. This is an acceptable rate for ORC purposes. Table 1 shows that benzene is the most thermally stable of the candidate working fluids. Next after benzene is toluene. Compared to the stability of isobutane at 290 oF (typical for geothermal operations), benzene at 700 oF would have about 1.5% of the degradation rate and toluene at 700 oF would have 9,000 times greater degradation. However, this would still be less than 0.02 wt% per year based on the Havens and Rogaller report. Working Fluid Temperature, °F Working Fluid Isobutane Butane Heptane Cyclohexane Benzene T oluene Orthoxylene Ethylbenzene Acceptable Marginal Unacceptable 290 330 550 1.59E+05 2.48E+04 650 700 1.90E-05 3.47E-07 6.08E-08 2.03E-02 1.59E-04 1.92E-05 3.10E+12 5.05E+08 1.13E+07 4.78E+05 3.84E+02 1.72E+01 1.19E+02 2.80E-01 2.02E-02 4.19E-01 1.12E-03 8.51E-05 Table 4.3.1. Relative Stability Compared to Toluene at 750oF For the bottoming cycle, the range of fluid maximum temperatures is anticipated to be in the 300 oF to 350 oF range, and isobutane has been successfully used at such temperatures in large and small geothermal plants for decades. This experience with isobutane coupled with the comparable thermal stability of n-butane, the fluid of choice for the bottoming cycle, obviates any need to further investigate its suitability. 15PDF Image | Solar Trough Organic Rankine Electricity System (STORES) Stage 1: Power Plant Optimization and Economics
PDF Search Title:
Solar Trough Organic Rankine Electricity System (STORES) Stage 1: Power Plant Optimization and EconomicsOriginal File Name Searched:
39433.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)