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4.6 Field and Storage Evaluation and Conceptual Design Report Background At the time that this work was initiated, it was estimated that customers for STORES power plants would be generally off-grid, and would require a significant amount of storage in order to obtain electricity in the evenings and nights. STORES plants were initially therefore designed to use a fluid with a very low vapor pressure at high temperatures. The fluid of choice was Caloria, a commercially available high temperature fluid. Caloria is stable at 560 F, and there is a lot of experience with use of Caloria for thermal storage. Themocline Storage The thermocline system relies on and enhances the inherent low convection currents in the fluid. It comprises “hot” and “cold” fluid zones that are broad, indistinct divisions inside the tank. When the tank is fully charged, the hot zone comprises all of its useful storage capacity. When the tank is fully discharged, the cold zone expands to include the entire capacity of the tank. The tank is charged by drawing cold fluid from the tank, and heating it by circulating it through the solar collectors, then returning it to the hot zone of the same tank, increasing the average temperature of the tank, and enlarging the hot zone within the tank. A fully charged tank would comprise only hot fluid. When power is needed, hot fluid is drawn from the tank, and used to generate steam or another vapor (depending on the working fluid) and “cold” fluid is returned to the same tank. Dual Tank Storage Dual tank storage is the most common type of storage for hot and cold fluids. It comprises a hot fluid tank and a cold fluid tank, each with a capacity of the entire useful inventory of heat transfer fluid. During sunny days, fluid is drawn from the cold fluid tank, heated by running it through the solar collectors, and then it is delivered to the hot fluid tank. When power is needed, fluid is drawn from the hot fluid tank, where its heat is used to vaporize steam or other working fluid, after which it is sent to the cold fluid tank. The SEGS I power plant used a two tank storage system. 43PDF Image | Solar Trough Organic Rankine Electricity System (STORES) Stage 1: Power Plant Optimization and Economics
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