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with power plants that are smaller, in the size range of 1 to 5 megawatts. None of them would benefit to any extent were storage available. Plants without Storage: Efficiency Considerations When storage was considered vital to STORES power plants, the maximum temperature available was 560 F, the thermal stability limit for Caloria. Caloria at 560 F has a very low vapor pressure, and may be stored in atmospheric tanks. Most SEGS plants use Theminol VP-1, that is thermally stable up to 735 F, but has higher vapor pressure at that temperature and must therefore be pressurized. Large pressurized tanks are expensive and complex. However, with no need for storage, it becomes feasible to consider the increase in thermal efficiency that can be achieved with higher temperatures, and the economic considerations related to doing so. The previous sections (4.1 through 4.5) addressed the various changes to the thermodynamic cycle that the higher temperatures can achieve. A dual cascade cycle using toluene as the upper working fluid and butane as the lower working fluid were selected over the other options: a simple Rankine cycle and a triple cascade cycle with three working fluids. The Two Sizes Selected: Five megawatts and One megawatt Whereas originally it was anticipated that the STORES standard plant would be 10 MW, it was found that customers were more interested in smaller plants, in the size range of 1 to 5 MW. The study therefore reflects the change the STORES design to two choices: One megawatt and five megawatts. This was a difficult decision to make, because while the solar field is largely modular, a larger power plant has significantly lower cost per kilowatt than a smaller power plant. On the other hand, it is well known that no new Trough power plants have been built in the last fifteen years. The trend to larger plants (as witnessed by the progression from a fifteen megawatt SEGS I to 80 megawatt SEGS VIII and IX did not continue. Rather than continue towards larger plants, it is considered more prudent to consider market forces and develop a power plant that meets the needs of the market. 45PDF Image | Solar Trough Organic Rankine Electricity System (STORES) Stage 1: Power Plant Optimization and Economics
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