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3.1. Control Adjustment 3. S-CO2 Cycle Control Update During the work on the S-CO2 dynamic model, improvement and adjustment of the cycle control system strategy has been continued. The adjustments to the control system during this year’s work have been limited to improving each control mechanism’s response by fine tuning the control input parameters, such as PID coefficients and valve opening and closing rates. No major updates to the control system, such as introduction of new controls or change of the general control strategy, have been implemented this year. 3.2. Normal Shutdown Heat Removal System Previous analysis [2] demonstrated that the S-CO2 cycle may not be suitable for removing heat from the reactor following reactor scram (i.e., removing the decay heat). It was previously found that a significant reduction of the heat removal causes the rapid decrease in the CO2 temperature at the turbine inlet with subsequent reduction in the turbine outlet temperature. Due to the recuperative nature of the S-CO2 cycle, this reduction in turbine temperatures causes a decrease in the CO2 temperatures at the main heat exchanger inlet, which in turn further reduces the turbine inlet temperature. It has been calculated [2] that if the S-CO2 turbomachinery rotational speed is not controlled by the grid frequency (asynchronous mode), then the reduction in CO2 temperature leads to reduction in turbine work below the required compressor work input in about 60 seconds such that CO2 circulation cannot be maintained. If the turbomachinery continues to operate in a synchronous mode such that the compressors are run from the generator, than in about 400 seconds, the drop in CO2 temperatures in the main heat exchanger lead to the freezing on the primary side coolant (molten Pb in Reference [2]). An attempt was made to adjust the cycle operating parameters, such as the turbomachinery rotational speed, for operation under the decay heat removal mode, but no acceptable solution (control scheme) was found which would enable long-term operation of the S-CO2 cycle in this mode. It has therefore been identified that a dedicated shutodwn heat removal loop needs to be added to the S-CO2 cycle. An example of such loop could be a CO2 bypass circuit from the main heat exchanger to the existing cooler or some other decay heat removal heat exchanger. This bypass loop would require a separate CO2 pump/circulator. Figure 3, repeated here from Reference [3 and 5, shows the proposed decay heat removal system for ABTR. 22PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Control Analysis
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