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1 – Reactor core 2 – Control rods 3 – Intermediate Heat Exchanger 4 – EM Pump 5 – Secondary Na EM Pump 6 – Na-to-CO2 heat exchanger 7 – CO2 turbine 8 – Generator 9,10 – High and low temperature recuperators 11 – Cooler 12,13 – Compressors 14 – Cooling circuit to ultimate heat sink 15 – Shutdown heat removal heat exchangers and water pump 16 – Shutdown heat removal compressor with electric motor 17 – Valves for shutdown heat removal 18 – Na-to-CO2 heat exchanger bypass valve 19 – Turbine inlet valve 20 – Turbine bypass valve 21 – Inventory control 22 – Flow split valve 6 9 13 4 10 14 1 Color coding: Black – Primary circuit Brown - Intermediate Circuit Green – Normal heat removal Blue – Heat sink Red – Shutdown and decay heat cooling Orange – Control system components 8 19 20 21 17 18 5 7 11 22 2 3 15 12 16 Figure 3. ABTR S-CO2 Cycle and Shutdown Heat Removal Loop. One of the goals of the current work was to introduce a shutdown cooling loop to the dynamic model of the S-CO2 cycle. However, before such a shutdown system can be activated, the cycle control system should be able to accommodate a transition from normal operation into the shutdown decay heat removal mode. Thus, an analysis of the control system response to a reactor scram event has been carried out in order to: - Assure that the control system can handle the transition to the decay heat removal mode; i.e., S-CO2 cycle can operate for some reasonable time after the reactor scram; and - Define the requirements for the shutdown heat removal system, such as starting time, power level, and CO2 temperatures and pressures at the main heat exchanger inlet and outlet at the time of shutdown heat removal system startup (i.e., at the end of the transition). 3.2.1. Cycle Operation under Reactor Scram The event is initiated by an ABTR reactor scram where the reactor fission power is shut down by the movement of reactor control rods (large negative reactivity is inserted in few seconds). The reactor operates in the decay heat mode. The event is considered to be a single-fault design basis event (DBE); that is, the only fault is the initiating event causing the reactor scram. All other systems, including primary and S-CO2 Brayton 23PDF Image | Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle Control Analysis
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