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Spadacini et al. Figure 3: On-field measured performances. These theoretical advantages have been confirmed in the first installation of the organic radial outflow turbine in a geothermal binary power plant, the Bagnore power plant, and the future installations will foresee an important development for the multi pressure level cycles 3. THE BAGNORE ORGANIC RADIAL OUTFLOW TURBINE The Bagnore power plant represents the first installation of the organic radial outflow turbine in the geothermal field and it has been operational since early 2013 (Di Pippo, 2005). Despite other experimental ORC units tested in Italy previously, the Bagnore radial outflow turbine represents the first commercial geothermal organic turbine operating in Italy. The turbine was delivered to ENEL Green Power and installed in the Bagnore geothermal site at Monte Amiata, Tuscany (Italy). The Bagnore field belongs to the Monte Amiata geothermal reservoir, which is a typically water dominated field with high temperature and pressure (Bertini et al, 1995). These field was already exploited in the past, by flashing the geothermal fluid and expanding the steam in steam turbines in the units Bagnore 1 and Bagnore 2 of a total power of 40 MW and delivering the brine to the district heating. To implement a technology flexible enough to accommodate the variations in the resource over the lifecycle, binary technology has been considered to be the preferred solution and the radial outflow turbine the most efficient and cost effective turbine. The ORC binary unit has been installed in parallel to the steam turbines and is exploiting steam at 150 °C. In order to maximize the thermal energy recover from the steam, thus to minimize the irreversibility associated to the heat exchange, a single pressure level cycle with Pentane has been selected as the most appropriate combination between working cycle and fluid. Furthermore the unit condensing system is water cooled and no recuperator installed due to the low amount of energy recoverable after the expansion of the organic fluid. The process flow diagram of the Bagnore binary power plant is shown in Figure 4. 4PDF Image | The First Geothermal Organic Radial Outflow Turbines
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