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The advantage of the OFC compared to the aforementioned technologies is simplicity; relative to the others, the OFC’s modifications compared to a traditional ORC are minor. Specially, using an OFC system can actually decrease capital costs, whereas the cost for the Kalina Cycle and Cascade ORC is more significant. Likewise, the technological complexity of the OFC is far less than both nascent thermoelectric and piezoelectric technologies. Driving Forces Two primary types of influencers exist in the ORC market today: government agencies and trade organizations. Historically, both have had an impact on the market landscape and appetite for ORC technology, as well as the broader heat conversion to power space. Government As with many discussions around energy technologies, subsidies that help reduce the cost (and payback time) of these technologies play a particularly important role in adoption. In the United States, the federal government provides a tax credit for renewable energy production and ORC system costs can be included as part of a larger installation for power generation. The table below provides a list of resource types where ORC can be utilized.49 Resource Type Closed-Loop Biomass Open-Loop Biomass Geothermal Energy Landfill Gas Municipal Solid Waste In-Service Deadline December 31, 2013 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2013 Credit Amount 2.2¢/kWh 1.1¢/kWh 2.2¢/kWh 1.1¢/kWh 1.1¢/kWh Table 3. Federal Incentives/Policies for Renewables & Efficiency (A Subset) Similar in fashion to tax credits for renewables like wind and solar power, federal legislation has been introduced in the United States with the goal of passing a federal tax credit for waste heat systems to promote further use.50 In the United States, incentives also exist on a state-by-state basis. For instance, in Miami-Dade County, Florida, a commercial property owner using ORC for waste heat recovery may qualify for PACE financing51 under the Voluntary Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Program.52 Furthermore, 11 states have allowed industrial waste heat recovery to be included in their calculation of renewable portfolio standards. 9PDF Image | Thermal Efficiency from Organic Flash Cycle
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