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The cycle power output is determined by, [16] &&& Wnet =Wt +Wp (6) And the total exergy lost in the cycle and plant are given respectively by [14,16] &∑&&&&& Icycle = I =I +I +I +I (7) all components i p HEs t c &&&&&& Iplant = Icycle + Irej + ICS = Exin −Wnet (8) Where the total exergy inputs to the ORC is determined by [3, 9,14,18] & Ex =m& [(h −h)−T(s −s)] (9) 3.2. Performance analysis The First- and Second-law efficiencies, based on the geothermal fluid state at the inlet of the primary heat exchanger and with respect to the reference temperature ,are defined respectively as [3,14,18] η η = = Wnet I II (10) = Wnet (11) m& [(h −h)−T(s −s)] in geo geo o o geo o = & m& (h −h) geo geo o & && == Wnet m& (h −h ) m& (h −h ) & m& [(h −h )−T(s −s )] geo geo rej o geo rej geo geo o o geo o Based on the heat transfer or energy input to the cycle, the First- and Second-law efficiency are given by [3,14,18] η I,2 = Wnet (12) geo geo rej wf wf ,out wf ,in η= Wnet (13) II,2 The performance of a binary-cycle geothermal power plant can also be evaluated using the cycle effectiveness, which represents the effectiveness of heat transfer to the cycle from the geothermal fluid, as [3,9,14,18] & As discussed by Subbiah and Natarajan [9], the First-law efficiency is a quantitative measure of the effectiveness of the conversion of the available geothermal energy into useful work. The cycle effectiveness measures both quantitatively and qualitatively the amount of available energy to be transferred, and the Second-law efficiency accounts for the overall exergy inputs to the cycle between the geothermal fluid temperature at the outlet of the resource well and the reference temperature . The performance analysis of individual component of the cycle was evaluated using the fuel depletion ratio, which is defined by [13,19]: & ε= Wnet (14) m&wf [(hwf,out −hwf,in)−To(swf,out −swf,in)] δ = Ii (15) i Exin & 3.3. Irreversibility analysis In Fig. 4a, the loss of exergy (irreversibility) generated during the heat transfer process occurring in the Evaporator-Preheater unit is represented by the marked area of the temperature vs. heat transfer diagram, assuming linearity of the geofluid cooling curve. This significance loss of exergy is a consequence of the large difference in enthalpy or temperature between the geothermal and the binary fluids [20]. The addition of an IHE to the simple ORC is demonstrated to reduce the irreversibility of the heat transfer process as thePDF Image | THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF LOW-TO-MODERATE GRADE GEOTHERMAL HEAT
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