THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF LOW-TO-MODERATE GRADE GEOTHERMAL HEAT

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THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF LOW-TO-MODERATE GRADE GEOTHERMAL HEAT ( thermodynamic-analysis-and-performance-optimization-organic- )

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5oC and 40oC respectively, while the turbine inlet temperature was varied from the limiting temperature of condensation to the geofluid input temperature. In Fig. 6, the variation of the cycle power output per unit mass flow rate of the geofluid is plotted for both ORCs at subcritical pressure operating conditions. For the simple ORC, a nearly identical maximum cycle power output per unit mass flow of the geothermal fluid was obtained at about similar optimal turbine inlet temperature, irrespective of the type of organic binary fluids (Fig. 6a). For the regenerative ORC, however, the optimal turbine inlet temperature and maximum cycle power output per unit mass flow of the geothermal fluid differed significantly for all the working fluids (Fig. 6b). A brief comparison of Figs. 6a and 6b has shown nearly identical thermodynamic performance for isobutane, whereas the addition of an OFOH to the binary cycle utilizing R152a, R123 or n-pentane as working fluid resulted to a substantial reduction in the cycle power output by as much as 15%, 26% and 42%, respectively. Figure 6: Cycle power output per kg geofluid as a function of the turbine inlet temperature for o geothermal resource temperature of 110 C (a) Simple ORC and (b) Regenerative ORC In the studied range of heat source temperature, the lower the boiling point temperature of the organic fluid, the higher the evaporating temperature for its simple ORC (Fig. 7a). On the other hand, the supremacy of organic fluids with low vapour specicific heat capacity, such as isobutane, to convert low-to-moderate geothermal resource temperature at relatively low evaporating temperature is remarkably demonstrated for the regenerative ORC (Fig. 7b). Hence, for the conversion of low-to-moderate grade geothermal heat, organic fluids with higher boiling point temperature, such as n-pentane, would be recommended for the simple ORC as discussed by Mago et al. [17], whereas organic fluids with lower vapour specific heat capacity, such as butane, would be more suitable for the regenerative ORC. Figure 7: Effect of fluid’s (a) boiling point temperature, and (b) vapour specific heat capacity, o on the optimal turbine inlet temperature for geothermal resource temperature of 130 C

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THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF LOW-TO-MODERATE GRADE GEOTHERMAL HEAT

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