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In Fig. 15b, the maximum cycle power output to be produced per unit mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid is plotted. At low geothermal resource temperatures, below 120oC, the basic ORCs generate nearly twice as much power output than the regenerative ORCs. Clearly, the maximum cycle power output per unit mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid increases exponentially with the geothermal resource temperature. Hence, a substantial increase in cycle power output is expected with a slight increase in the geothermal resource temperature [9]. Figure 15: (a) Optimal turbine inlet temperature, and (b) Maximum cycle power output per kg geofluid An optimal First- and Second-law efficiency, at the primary heat exchanger inlet, is illustrated in Fig. 16. Based on the geothermal fluid state at the primary heat exchanger inlet, the First and Second Law efficiencies are in the range of 4-9% and 37-47% respectively for the basic ORCs; 2-6% and 19-33% respectively for the regenerative ORCs. Figure 16: Optimal (a) First- and (b) Second-law efficiency at primary heat exchanger inlet Based on the energy input to the cycle, the First- and Second-law efficiencies as well as the cycle effectiveness are illustrated by Figs. 17-18. From Fig. 17a, the First-law efficiency for the optimum operating conditions is in the range of 8-15% for all ORCs considered in this study. The noticeable lower First-law efficiency is attributed to the moderately low- temperature of the geothermal resources [14]. In Fig. 17b, the advantage of adding an IHE to the binary cycle to improve the cycle Second-law efficiency is evident, and particularly at geothermal resource temperatures above 130oC. For the optimum operating conditions, a maximum of 56% in Second Law efficiency is reached for the ORCs with an IHE. This is approximately 2-3% higher as compared to the ORCs without an IHE for the studied range of the geothermal resource temperature. A look at the cycle effectiveness (Fig. 18), on thePDF Image | THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF LOW-TO-MODERATE GRADE GEOTHERMAL HEAT
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