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other hand, showed better capability of transfer of the available energy to the working fluid for the basic ORCs at 70-74%, as compared to 56-69% for the regenerative ORCs. Here, the high sensitivity of the regenerative ORCs to variations in the geothermal resource temperatures is demonstrated, as discussed by Franco and Villani [22]. Figure 17: (a) First- and (b) Second-law efficiency on heat transfer input to the ORC at the optimum operating conditions Figure 18: Cycle effectiveness at the optimum operating conditions 5. Conclusions and recommendations A thermodynamic analysis and performance optimization of small binary cycle geothermal power plants operating with moderately low-temperature and liquid-dominated geothermal resources in the range of 110oC to 160oC, was considered. Optimal operating conditions were determined for maximum cycle power output per unit mass flow rate of the geothermal fluid. The maximum cycle power output was observed to increase exponentially with the geothermal resource temperature, whereas the optimal turbine inlet temperature increased almost linearly with the increase in the geothermal heat source. The addition of an IHE and/or an OFOH has been very prolific in improving the effectiveness of the conversion of the available geothermal energy into useful work. However, to avoid a susceptible thermal pollution of the environment caused by the geofluid being discarded as waste heat at relatively high temperature [23], a combined power generation and direct use in process or district heating applications as a cogeneration system, can be an additional option to improve the energy utilization [14,23]. In addition, a performance analysis of selected organic working fluids, namely refrigerants R123, R152a, isobutane and n-pentane, was conducted under saturation temperature and subcritical pressure operating conditions of the turbine. Organic fluids with higher boiling point temperature, such as n-pentane, werePDF Image | THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLES FOR THE CONVERSION OF LOW-TO-MODERATE GRADE GEOTHERMAL HEAT
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