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Bahram Saadatfar, Reza Fakhrai and Torsten Fransson, JMES Vol 1 Issue 1 2013 on the performance of the system were introduced. Different applications of ORC systems including solar thermal, biomass ORC, solar thermal reverse osmosis desalination (Solar ORC- RO), geothermal application, and waste heat recover from industrial process were intensively investigated. The paper also presented the different employed expander in the ORC system and introduced many factors which should be considered such as the power capacity, isentropic efficiency, cost and complexity their application range. Heat exchangers in ORC were briefly reviewed. Environmental concern over climate change as well as energy price is reasons supporting application of the waste heat recover by the ORC technology. Acknowledgement The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the KIC InnoEnergy from the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. References [1] Rafiq S, Salim RA. Why do some emerging economies proactively accelerate the adoption of renewable energy? Energy Econ 2012;34:1051–7. [2] Richter M. Business model innovation for sustainable energy: German utilities and renewable energy. Energy Policy 2013;62:1226–37. [3] Yuan BJC, Lin GTR, Li K-P, Shen Y-C. An assessment of exploiting renewable energy sources with concerns of policy and technology. Energy Policy 2010;38:4604–16. [4] Wang D, Ling X, Peng H, Liu L, Tao L. Efficiency and optimal performance evaluation of organic Rankine cycle for low grade waste heat power generation. Energy 2013;50:343–52. [5] Vescovo R. ORC recovering industrial heat: power generation from waste energy streams. Cogener On-Site Power Prod 2009:5. [6] Öhman H, Lundqvist P. Comparison and analysis of performance using Low Temperature Power Cycles. Appl Therm Eng 2013;52:160–9. [7] Swithenbank J, Finney KN, Chen Q, Yang Y Bin, Nolan A, Sharifi VN. Waste heat usage. Appl Therm Eng 2013;60:430–40. [8] Tchanche BF, Lambrinos G, Frangoudakis A, Papadakis G. Low-grade heat conversion into power using organic Rankine cycles – A review of various applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2011;15:3963–79. [9] Bao J, Zhao L. A review of working fluid and expander selections for organic Rankine cycle. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2013;24:325–42. [10] Papadopoulos AI., Stijepovic M., Linke P., Seferlis P., Voutetakis S. Multi-level Design and Selection of Optimum Working Fluids and ORC Systems for Power and Heat Cogeneration from Low Enthalpy Renewable Sources. Comput Aided Chem Eng 2012;30:66–70. [11] Stijepovic MZ, Linke P, Papadopoulos AI, Grujic AS. On the role of working fluid properties in Organic Rankine Cycle performance. Appl Therm Eng 2012;36:406–13. [12] Rayegan R, Tao YX. A procedure to select working fluids for Solar Organic Rankine Cycles (ORCs). Renew Energy 2011;36:659–70. [13] Minea V. Using Geothermal Energy and Industrial Waste Heat for Power Generation. 2007 IEEE Canada Electr Power Conf 2007. [14] Larjola J. Electricity from industrial waste heat using high-speed organic Rankine cycle (ORC). Int J Prod Econ 1995;41:227–35. 179PDF Image | Waste heat recovery Organic Rankine cycles in sustainable energy conversion: A state-of-the-art review
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