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4. UNDERTAKING HIGH IMPACT ACTIONS: TECHNOLOGY AND ... 4-086-12 JUMEL ET AL hth 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.1 hth 0.15 0.145 0.14 0.135 0.13 0.125 0.12 0.115 0.11 0.105 0.1 0.095 0.096 6 6 6 6 3.500x10 5.000x10 6.500x10 8.000x10 9.500x10 Ph [Pa] R245ffa R141b R245ca R123 n-Pentane Butane R142b R124 R236fa R152a R245fa Butane R142b R124 R22 R236fa R1234ze R152a R1234yf R134a Isobutane Propane 90 100 110 120 130 Tevap [C] 140 150 Figure 10. Influence of evaporating temperature (left) in subcritical cycle and higher pressure (right) in supercritical on thermal efficiency. Table 3. Performance comparison between supercritical and subcritical cycle using R245fa. Supercritical cycle Ph = 1.03Pcrit Subcritical cycle εtot ηth Tevap = 140 °C 2.01 Tevap = 150 °C 1.977 15.01 48.47 913.8 6662 5516 1094 0.08597 19.09 0.0247 Conclusion In this work, various working fluids have been studied with subcritical and supercritical configuration of organic Rankine cycle. The results show that, the maximum thermal efficiency is achieved with Ammonia in the case of subcritical configu- ration but a big undesirable superheating is also required to avoid its vapour condensation during the expansion. R141b, R123 and R142b are the most appropriate fluids with relative high thermal efficiency and low heat exchanger effectiveness in this case. The alternative fluid, i.e. R245fa, present its potential with a relative high thermal efficiency and the desirable prop- erties for the safety and the environment. This fluid gave the 1.926 15.02 14.57 ηII • 48.5 911.1 6657 5510 1106 0.0962 21.15 0.0260 47.2 970.3 6861 5717 1081 0.07455 15.91 0.0242 Itot [W] • Qin [W] • Qout [W] • Wt [W] bwr τP • m [kg/s] operating pressure, so more material resistance required, and more working flow rate needed. When evaporating temperature in subcritical configuration approaches critical temperature, thermal and second law ef- ficiency in this case close in the efficiencies in case of super- critical cycle. The difference of heat exchanger effectiveness is explained by a bigger superheating in higher temperature heat exchanger and superheated vapour at turbine exit in the case of subcritical cycle compared to the supercritical cycle (Fig- ure 11). ECEEE 2012 SUMMER STUDY on EnERgY EffiCiEnCY in inDUSTRY 567PDF Image | Working Fluid selection and performance comparison of subcritical and supercritical organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for low temperature waste heat recovery
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