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4-086-12 JUMEL ET AL 4. UNDERTAKING HIGH IMPACT ACTIONS: TECHNOLOGY AND ... T [°C] 150 100 50 0 250 500 750 R245fa Supercritical (Ph = 1.03Pcrit) Subcritical (T evap = 150 °C) Subcritical (T evap = 140 °C 1,2 4 470000 Pa 5 2,00E6 Pa 51000 Pa 0,2 0,4 1000Pa 0,6 0,8 ) 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 Figure 11. T-s diagram of R245fa with three operating conditions (supercritical cycle with Ph = 1.03Pcrit, subcritical cycle with Tevap = 140 and 150 °C). maximum thermal efficiency and heat exchanger effectiveness in the case of supercritical configuration. R142b is the most appropriate fluid for supercritical cycle if heat exchanger ef- fectiveness is taken into account. According to exergy analysis, exergy destruction of higher temperature heat exchanger is the most important part of total exergy destruction. Cycle performance of organic Rankine cycle is improved with supercritical configuration but some disadvantage such as higher operating pressure, higher back work ratio and working flow rate are considered for this case. The steady-state models with acausal equations, as in the Modelica language, of each ORC components which are de- veloped in EES can be used for thermodynamic simulation by Modelica language later when the fluid properties will be com- puted using a media library coupled to fluid property databases (e.g. RefProp). The consequences and coupling of fluid properties on the design and cost of the system remain to be specified. It is the present goal of the continuing study in the labs. The main re- mark is relative to the availability of the expander, for a specific demand. Regarding the environment aspect of the fluids data have been given in Table 1, but concerning the cost of fluid, it is to- day difficult to give precise response to this point; even if we have done demand near of producer, the response seems to be today very sensitive. Glossary ACRONymS ODP: Ozone depletion potential GWP: Global Warming potential LFL: Lower Flammability Limit ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials NOmENClATuRE h: specific enthalpy [kJ.kg-1] T: Temperature [C] s: specific entropy [kJ.kg-1.K-1] P: pressure [Pa] M: molecular mass (kg/kmol) bwr: back work ratio h: efficiency 568 ECEEE 2012 SUMMER STUDY on EnERgY EffiCiEnCY in inDUSTRY s [J/kg-K] c : specific heat capacity [J.K-1.kg-1] p W• :Power[W] Q• : Heat rate [W] I• : Exergy destruction rate (Irreversibility rate) [W] • C : Heat capacity rate ••• m, mh, mc: Flow rate of working fluid, hot air and cool water [kg/s] Sub- ANd SuPERSCRIPT hs: Heat source inlet cs: Cold source (heat sink) th: Thermal rev: reversible II: second law Evap: Evaporation Cond: Condensation LTHEX: Lower temperature heat exchanger HTHEX: Higher temperature heat exchangerPDF Image | Working Fluid selection and performance comparison of subcritical and supercritical organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for low temperature waste heat recovery
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