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to the steam turbine and the remainder of the process is similar to that of a dry steam plant. Water from the well head separator is injected back into the formation along with the excess water from the cooling tower. 1.1.3 Binary Power Plant The third method to utilize the geothermal energy is in a binary power plant. Binary power plants can use the lowest temperature resources to produce power. Geothermal brine temperatures can range from as low as 74°C (165°F) all the way up to approximately 150°C (302°F). Binary plants function very differently than dry steam or flash plants. Since the water is not hot enough to produce sufficient steam to run like a flash plant, it is used to boil a secondary working fluid such as light hydrocarbons or refrigerants. These working fluids are often used because they have a much lower boiling point than water. The working fluid is first boiled in the evaporator by the useful heat energy supplied by the geothermal brine. Once the working fluid is turned into the vapor phase it is sent to the turbine/generator system to extract useful power. Subsequently the working fluid is condensed back into the liquid phase. The liquid is then pumped to high pressure and is preheated by geothermal water exiting the evaporator. The geothermal water leaving the preheater is then injected back into the geologic formation and the working fluid is sent to the evaporator where it is boiled and the cycle starts again. Figure 3 is a schematic of a binary power plant. Binary power plants can use the lowest temperature resource of the three types of power plants. Also, the majority of the known hydrothermal geothermal reservoirs have temperatures less than 150°C (302°F). Figure 4 shows a histogram of the frequency of 4PDF Image | WORKING FLUID SELECTION FOR AN INCREASED EFFICIENCY HYBRIDIZED GEOTHERMAL-SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANT IN NEWCASTLE, UTAH
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